{"id":16893,"date":"2025-04-09T03:43:56","date_gmt":"2025-04-09T03:43:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/?p=16893"},"modified":"2025-04-10T07:05:37","modified_gmt":"2025-04-10T07:05:37","slug":"direct-integration-of-a-bare-die-dsp-in-800g-aec","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/bare-dsp-800g-aec.htm","title":{"rendered":"Direct Integration of a Bare-Die DSP in 800G AEC"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Introduced the world&#8217;s first 800G active cable (AEC) product with a barebone digital signal processor (DSP) at DesignCon 2025. Scheduled for a Q4 2024 release, this breakthrough innovation removes the conventional packaging layer of the DSP chip. Instead, the DSP\u2019s bare die is directly embedded into the cable assembly using Chip on Board (COB) and mSAP processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/OSFP-800G-AEC.jpg\" alt=\"OSFP 800G AEC\" class=\"wp-image-16917\" style=\"width:800px\" width=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/OSFP-800G-AEC.jpg 604w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/OSFP-800G-AEC-300x216.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 604px) 100vw, 604px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This novel design eliminates traditional packaging and intermediary layers. Through meticulously optimized pin mapping, state-of-the-art packaging techniques, a well-considered layout configuration, and refined termination of conductors, the design significantly enhances signal integrity. Moreover, the integration of the bare die delivers a marked improvement in thermal performance. Unlike conventional packaged DSPs, which often suffer from poor heat dissipation due to structural limitations and are prone to overheating, thereby jeopardizing component lifespan and performance, the bare-die approach permits the direct application of thermal interface material (TIM) and heat sinks on the chip surface. This direct integration substantially improves thermal efficiency, effectively addresses heat dissipation challenges, and ensures stable performance even during high-speed operation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/112G-paddle-card-with-kgd-vs-pkg-1024x496.png\" alt=\"112G paddle card with kgd vs pkg\" class=\"wp-image-16897\" style=\"width:800px\" width=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/112G-paddle-card-with-kgd-vs-pkg-1024x496.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/112G-paddle-card-with-kgd-vs-pkg-300x145.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/112G-paddle-card-with-kgd-vs-pkg-768x372.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/112G-paddle-card-with-kgd-vs-pkg.png 1055w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Notably, the technology is forward-looking and compatible with 224G solutions, making it suitable for various wiring applications in both optical communications and active copper cables. This universality underscores its strong versatility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this design, COB and mSAP technologies play critical roles. COB technology involves directly mounting and bonding the bare semiconductor chip onto a printed circuit board (PCB), thereby shortening interconnect paths, reducing physical footprint, enhancing signal integrity, and lowering production costs. Conversely, mSAP technology focuses on achieving extremely fine trace widths and spacings, enabling the fabrication of high-precision circuit patterns that improve the electrical performance of the PCB. Together, these technologies establish a robust foundation for the miniaturization and enhanced performance of advanced electronic devices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/bare-dsp-800g-aec.htm\/#Performance_Analysis_of_Traditional_Packaged_DSPs\" >Performance Analysis of Traditional Packaged DSPs<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/bare-dsp-800g-aec.htm\/#Performance_Advantages_of_the_KGD_DSP\" >Performance Advantages of the KGD DSP<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/bare-dsp-800g-aec.htm\/#Summary_and_Outlook\" >Summary and Outlook<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-performance-analysis-of-traditional-packaged-dsps\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Performance_Analysis_of_Traditional_Packaged_DSPs\"><\/span><strong>Performance Analysis of Traditional Packaged DSPs<\/strong><strong><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A comparative performance analysis was conducted using a traditional packaged DSP to thoroughly assess the advantages of the bare-die (KGD) design. The study employed Alphawave Semi\u2019s Cu-Wave AW100 packaged digital signal processor, integrated into an 800G OSFP copper cable assembly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(1) Signal Integrity Simulation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Host-Side Simulation<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The simulation primarily considered the signal path from the DSP to the connector\u2019s golden fingers on the host card. Megtron 7 was used as the PCB material, characterized by a dielectric constant (Dk) of 3.3 and a dissipation factor (Df) of 0.0015 at 1\u202fGHz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Host-Side-Simulation-1024x393.png\" alt=\"Host-Side Simulation\" class=\"wp-image-16898\" style=\"width:800px\" width=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Host-Side-Simulation-1024x393.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Host-Side-Simulation-300x115.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Host-Side-Simulation-768x294.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Host-Side-Simulation.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>At a Nyquist frequency of 26.56\u202fGHz\u2014corresponding to a 106.25\u202fGbps PAM4 signal\u2014the receiver channels RX1 through RX6 exhibited insertion losses ranging from 1.4\u202fdB to 1.6\u202fdB, demonstrating minimal attenuation and high transmission efficiency. Furthermore, return loss (RL) values remained below \u221210\u202fdB for frequencies up to 30\u202fGHz, indicating minimal signal reflection and thereby contributing to superior signal integrity and system reliability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/At-a-Nyquist-frequency-of-26.56\u202fGHz.png\" alt=\"At a Nyquist frequency of 26.56\u202fGHz\" class=\"wp-image-16899\" style=\"width:800px\" width=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/At-a-Nyquist-frequency-of-26.56\u202fGHz.png 1008w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/At-a-Nyquist-frequency-of-26.56\u202fGHz-300x149.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/At-a-Nyquist-frequency-of-26.56\u202fGHz-768x381.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1008px) 100vw, 1008px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In terms of crosstalk, key adjacent channel pairs (such as RX3\u2013RX5 and RX3\u2013RX1) revealed near-end crosstalk (NEXT) levels around \u221248\u202fdB and far-end crosstalk (FEXT) around \u221242\u202fdB at 26.56\u202fGHz, which confirms effective suppression of interference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Line-Side Simulation<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The simulation on the line side encompassed the complete signal path from the DSP to the cable termination, including both transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) channels. Due to variations in trace lengths and routing methods, receiver channels RX6, RX7, and RX8 manifested differing insertion loss values. Specifically, RX6, benefiting from a shorter trace, exhibited an insertion loss of approximately 0.6\u202fdB at 26.56\u202fGHz, whereas RX7 and RX8 recorded insertion losses between 1.2\u202fdB and 1.3\u202fdB. Similarly, transmitter channels TX1, TX2, and TX3 demonstrated insertion losses in the range of 1.2\u202fdB to 1.5\u202fdB, which collectively indicate acceptable transmission performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Line-Side-Simulation.png\" alt=\"Line-Side Simulation\" class=\"wp-image-16900\" style=\"width:800px\" width=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Line-Side-Simulation.png 820w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Line-Side-Simulation-300x183.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Line-Side-Simulation-768x468.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 820px) 100vw, 820px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The line-end return loss was maintained below \u221211\u202fdB at the Nyquist frequency, evidencing proper impedance matching and effective control of signal reflections. Furthermore, crosstalk analysis of adjacent channel pairs\u2014such as RX8\u2013RX7 and TX2\u2013RX7\u2014showed that at 26.56\u202fGHz, the RX8\u2013RX7 pair achieved NEXT and FEXT values of \u221248\u202fdB each, while the TX2\u2013RX7 pair exhibited NEXT as low as \u221258\u202fdB and FEXT as low as \u221260\u202fdB. These results underscore the design\u2019s efficacy in isolating differential pairs and markedly reducing interference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/The-line-end-return-loss-was-maintained-below.png\" alt=\"The line-end return loss was maintained below\" class=\"wp-image-16901\" style=\"width:800px\" width=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/The-line-end-return-loss-was-maintained-below.png 1001w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/The-line-end-return-loss-was-maintained-below-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/The-line-end-return-loss-was-maintained-below-768x384.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1001px) 100vw, 1001px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>(2) Thermal Simulation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Thermal-Simulation-1024x455.png\" alt=\"Thermal Simulation\" class=\"wp-image-16902\" style=\"width:800px\" width=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Thermal-Simulation-1024x455.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Thermal-Simulation-300x133.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Thermal-Simulation-768x341.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Thermal-Simulation.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Thermal simulations were conducted under stringent conditions, with an ambient temperature of 70\u00b0C and a power consumption below 10\u202fW. The simulation model incorporated the Cu-Wave AW100 packaged DSP along with other critical components, employing advanced thermal management materials such as Prolimatech PK-3 thermal grease. In the baseline configuration\u2014using solely thermal grease\u2014the DSP\u2019s surface temperature reached 88.2\u00b0C, thereby exceeding the operational limit of 85\u00b0C. This outcome indicates that the baseline design is inadequate for reliable operation under extreme conditions. However, with the addition of a copper plate, the DSP\u2019s surface temperature was effectively reduced to 84.9\u00b0C, successfully maintaining it within a safe operating range. This result validates the effectiveness of combining high thermal conductivity materials with an optimized thermal interface to address heat dissipation challenges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Thermal-simulations-1024x474.png\" alt=\"Thermal simulations\" class=\"wp-image-16903\" style=\"width:800px\" width=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Thermal-simulations-1024x474.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Thermal-simulations-300x139.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Thermal-simulations-768x356.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Thermal-simulations.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-performance-advantages-of-the-kgd-dsp\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Performance_Advantages_of_the_KGD_DSP\"><\/span><strong>Performance Advantages of the KGD DSP<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The following analysis focuses on the performance of the KGD DSP. The Cu-Wave AW100 DSP in the KGD configuration retains the same core functionalities as its packaged counterpart, supporting the IEEE 802.3ck Chip-to-Module (C2M) and Chip-to-Chip (C2C) standards along with advanced equalization techniques that guarantee reliable signal transmission even in complex electrical channels. Unlike the packaged version, the KGD DSP is directly mounted on the PCB using flip-chip technology. This method minimizes parasitic effects caused by wire bonding, thereby improving signal integrity and reducing latency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Host-Side-Simulation-ww.png\" alt=\"Host-Side Simulation ww\" class=\"wp-image-16904\" style=\"width:800px\" width=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Host-Side-Simulation-ww.png 866w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Host-Side-Simulation-ww-300x231.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Host-Side-Simulation-ww-768x591.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Host-Side Simulation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the host-side simulation, the KGD DSP channels (R1\u2013R6) are equivalent to those of the packaged version, permitting a direct comparison. Analysis of the insertion loss (IL) results at a Nyquist frequency of 26.56\u202fGHz reveals that, for most channels, the KGD DSP demonstrates an improvement of approximately 0.5\u202fdB over the packaged version. This benefit is primarily due to the smaller via diameters, which reduce capacitance and increase impedance by roughly 1\u202fohm, ultimately enhancing data transmission performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/simulation-kgd-vs-pkg-host-side-1024x476.png\" alt=\"simulation kgd vs pkg host side\" class=\"wp-image-16905\" style=\"width:800px\" width=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/simulation-kgd-vs-pkg-host-side-1024x476.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/simulation-kgd-vs-pkg-host-side-300x139.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/simulation-kgd-vs-pkg-host-side-768x357.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/simulation-kgd-vs-pkg-host-side.png 1076w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In terms of return loss (RL), the RX1\u2013RX6 channels of the KGD DSP maintain RL values below \u20139\u202fdB for frequencies below 30\u202fGHz\u2014a 1\u202fdB improvement compared to the packaged version\u2014thanks to an optimized trace impedance that more closely approximates 87.5\u202f\u03a9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/KGD-RL-1024x479.png\" alt=\"KGD RL\" class=\"wp-image-16906\" style=\"width:800px\" width=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/KGD-RL-1024x479.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/KGD-RL-300x140.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/KGD-RL-768x359.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/KGD-RL.png 1069w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Additionally, crosstalk evaluation\u2014examining the worst-case channels such as RX3\u2013RX4 NEXT and RX2\u2013RX4 FEXT\u2014indicates that the RX3\u2013RX4 NEXT remains below \u201340\u202fdB for frequencies up to 50\u202fGHz, whereas the worst-case crosstalk channel of the packaged version (RX1\u2013RX3) exceeds \u201340\u202fdB at 40\u202fGHz. This enhancement is attributable to an improved trace layout that increases the spacing between differential pairs, thereby effectively reducing interference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/crosstalk-evaluation-1024x689.png\" alt=\"crosstalk evaluation\" class=\"wp-image-16907\" style=\"width:800px\" width=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/crosstalk-evaluation-1024x689.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/crosstalk-evaluation-300x202.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/crosstalk-evaluation-768x517.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/crosstalk-evaluation.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Line-Side Simulation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Line-Side-Simulation-ww.png\" alt=\"Line-Side Simulation ww\" class=\"wp-image-16908\" style=\"width:800px\" width=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Line-Side-Simulation-ww.png 733w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Line-Side-Simulation-ww-300x228.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 733px) 100vw, 733px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The line-side simulation model extends from the DSP to the cable termination, assessing the SI performance of the transmitter channels (TX1, TX2, TX3) and receiver channels (RX6, RX7, RX8). The insertion loss at 26.56\u202fGHz for the KGD mezzanine card\u2019s line-end shows an improvement of approximately 0.2\u202fdB relative to the packaged version. Concerning return loss, the RX1\u2013RX6 channels of the KGD DSP sustain RL values below \u201310\u202fdB for frequencies under 30\u202fGHz, which is slightly better than that of the packaged version.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/the-RX1\u2013RX6-channels-of-the-KGD-DSP-sustain-RL-values-below-1024x480.png\" alt=\"the RX1\u2013RX6 channels of the KGD DSP sustain RL values below\" class=\"wp-image-16909\" style=\"width:800px\" width=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/the-RX1\u2013RX6-channels-of-the-KGD-DSP-sustain-RL-values-below-1024x480.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/the-RX1\u2013RX6-channels-of-the-KGD-DSP-sustain-RL-values-below-300x141.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/the-RX1\u2013RX6-channels-of-the-KGD-DSP-sustain-RL-values-below-768x360.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/the-RX1\u2013RX6-channels-of-the-KGD-DSP-sustain-RL-values-below.png 1066w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>For crosstalk, analysis of the worst-case channels (such as RX8\u2013RX7 NEXT and RX8\u2013RX7 FEXT) demonstrates that RX8\u2013RX7 FEXT remains below \u201340\u202fdB for frequencies under 40\u202fGHz. In contrast, the worst-case crosstalk channel in the packaged version (RX5\u2013RX3) exceeds \u201340\u202fdB at 40\u202fGHz. This superior performance is mainly due to the increased spacing of 40\u202fmil between differential pairs in the KGD design, which effectively optimizes the trace layout and reduces crosstalk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/RX8\u2013RX7-FEXT-remains-below-1024x474.png\" alt=\"RX8\u2013RX7 FEXT remains below\" class=\"wp-image-16910\" style=\"width:800px\" width=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/RX8\u2013RX7-FEXT-remains-below-1024x474.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/RX8\u2013RX7-FEXT-remains-below-300x139.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/RX8\u2013RX7-FEXT-remains-below-768x356.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/RX8\u2013RX7-FEXT-remains-below.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/This-superior-performance-is-mainly-due-to-the-increased-spacing-of-40\u202fmil-between-differential-pairs-in-the-KGD-design-1024x609.png\" alt=\"This superior performance is mainly due to the increased spacing of 40\u202fmil between differential pairs in the KGD design\" class=\"wp-image-16911\" style=\"width:800px\" width=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/This-superior-performance-is-mainly-due-to-the-increased-spacing-of-40\u202fmil-between-differential-pairs-in-the-KGD-design-1024x609.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/This-superior-performance-is-mainly-due-to-the-increased-spacing-of-40\u202fmil-between-differential-pairs-in-the-KGD-design-300x178.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/This-superior-performance-is-mainly-due-to-the-increased-spacing-of-40\u202fmil-between-differential-pairs-in-the-KGD-design-768x457.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/This-superior-performance-is-mainly-due-to-the-increased-spacing-of-40\u202fmil-between-differential-pairs-in-the-KGD-design.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Thermal Simulation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Thermal-Simulation-ww-1024x948.png\" alt=\"Thermal Simulation ww\" class=\"wp-image-16912\" style=\"width:800px\" width=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Thermal-Simulation-ww-1024x948.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Thermal-Simulation-ww-300x278.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Thermal-Simulation-ww-768x711.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Thermal-Simulation-ww.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Managing heat dissipation for the DSP bare die is challenging because the same power must be dissipated across a smaller surface area. In the thermal simulation, a maximum power of less than 10\u202fW was applied to the KGD bare die. A 16\u202f\u00d7\u202f68\u202fmm copper strip was used to increase the heat dissipation area, while Prolimatech PK-3 thermal grease was applied between the bare die and the copper strip, as well as between the copper strip and the metal housing. Under these conditions, with an ambient temperature of 70\u202f\u00b0C and maximum power below 10\u202fW, the bare die\u2019s temperature was simulated to be 84.2\u202f\u00b0C\u2014safely below the operating limit of 85\u202f\u00b0C. Even though the KGD bare die occupies only one-tenth of the area of the packaged DSP, the optimized thermal interface material (TIM) solution\u2014leveraging the copper strip\u2019s excellent thermal conductivity and increased contact area\u2014successfully ensures effective heat dissipation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Managing-heat-dissipation-for-the-DSP-bare-die-1024x535.png\" alt=\"Managing heat dissipation for the DSP bare die\" class=\"wp-image-16913\" style=\"width:800px\" width=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Managing-heat-dissipation-for-the-DSP-bare-die-1024x535.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Managing-heat-dissipation-for-the-DSP-bare-die-300x157.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Managing-heat-dissipation-for-the-DSP-bare-die-768x401.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Managing-heat-dissipation-for-the-DSP-bare-die.png 1064w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-summary-and-outlook\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Summary_and_Outlook\"><\/span><strong>Summary and Outlook<\/strong><strong><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The comprehensive analysis of both the traditional packaged DSP and the KGD DSP clearly demonstrates that directly integrating the KGD DSP into an active electrical cable (AEC) assembly represents a significant breakthrough in high-speed interconnect design and performance. In comparison to conventional packaged configurations, the KGD DSP exhibits remarkable advantages in signal integrity and power efficiency. By employing advanced materials such as high-thermal-conductivity copper strips and Prolimatech PK-3 thermal grease, the design effectively addresses the heat dissipation challenges imposed by the compact chip size, ensuring that the DSP operates reliably within the specified temperature range even at maximum power. These advancements pave the way for further innovations in high-speed data transmission and electronic system performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Summary-and-Outlook-1024x308.png\" alt=\"Summary and Outlook\" class=\"wp-image-16914\" style=\"width:800px\" width=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Summary-and-Outlook-1024x308.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Summary-and-Outlook-300x90.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Summary-and-Outlook-768x231.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Summary-and-Outlook.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<style>\r\n\r\n        .lwrp.link-whisper-related-posts{\r\n            \r\n            margin-top: 40px;\nmargin-bottom: 30px;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-title{\r\n            \r\n            \r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-description{\r\n            \r\n            \r\n\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-container{\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container{\r\n            display: flex;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-double{\r\n            width: 48%;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-triple{\r\n            width: 32%;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container{\r\n            display: flex;\r\n            justify-content: space-between;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container .lwrp-list-item{\r\n            width: calc(100% - 20px);\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item:not(.lwrp-no-posts-message-item){\r\n            \r\n            list-style: decimal;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item img{\r\n            max-width: 100%;\r\n            height: auto;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item.lwrp-empty-list-item{\r\n            background: initial !important;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-link .lwrp-list-link-title-text,\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-no-posts-message{\r\n            \r\n                \r\n        }\r\n        @media screen and (max-width: 480px) {\r\n            .lwrp.link-whisper-related-posts{\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-title{\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-description{\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container{\r\n                flex-direction: column;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container ul.lwrp-list{\r\n                margin-top: 0px;\r\n                margin-bottom: 0px;\r\n                padding-top: 0px;\r\n                padding-bottom: 0px;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-double,\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-triple{\r\n                width: 100%;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container{\r\n                justify-content: initial;\r\n                flex-direction: column;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container .lwrp-list-item{\r\n                width: 100%;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-item:not(.lwrp-no-posts-message-item){\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-link .lwrp-list-link-title-text,\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-no-posts-message{\r\n                \r\n                    \r\n            }\r\n        }<\/style>\r\n<div id=\"link-whisper-related-posts-widget\" class=\"link-whisper-related-posts lwrp\">\r\n            <h3 class=\"lwrp-title\">Related Posts<\/h3>    \r\n        <div class=\"lwrp-list-container\">\r\n                                            <ul class=\"lwrp-list lwrp-list-single\">\r\n                    <li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/practical-co-packaged-optics.htm\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">How many years are there before CPO technology is practical?<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/ai-servers-interface-interconnection.htm\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">AI Servers: Interface Interconnection Chip Technology<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/400g-qsfp-dd-aoc-pam4-dsp.htm\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Core Technologies in 400G QSFP-DD AOC: PAM4 and DSP<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/400g-cfp2-dco.htm\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Unveiling the 400g Coherent CFP2-DCO: A Game-Changer in Optical Transceiver Modules<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/news\/fiber-mall-launches-100g-qsfp28-zr4-bidi.htm\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Fiber Mall Launches 100G QSFP28 ZR4 BIDI<\/span><\/a><\/li>                <\/ul>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduced the world&#8217;s first 800G active cable (AEC) product with a barebone digital signal processor (DSP) at DesignCon 2025. Scheduled for a Q4 2024 release, this breakthrough innovation removes the conventional packaging layer of the DSP chip. Instead, the DSP\u2019s bare die is directly embedded into the cable assembly using Chip on Board (COB) and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16917,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","_wpscppro_dont_share_socialmedia":false,"_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"default","_twitter_share_type":"default","_linkedin_share_type":"default","_pinterest_share_type":"default","_linkedin_share_type_page":"default","_instagram_share_type":"default","_medium_share_type":"","_threads_share_type":"","_google_business_share_type":"","_selected_social_profile":[{"id":"skM9ewvR8O","platform":"linkedin","platformKey":0,"name":"Jason Xue","type":"person","thumbnail_url":"https:\/\/media.licdn.com\/dms\/image\/C5603AQErPqKD0j6qBg\/profile-displayphoto-shrink_100_100\/0\/1599138392315?e=1723075200&v=beta&t=joEkh1OeKQ0F-QpAPv4xxQyBdGlHyccIQZauRSs6RvU","share_type":"default"}],"_wpsp_enable_custom_social_template":false,"_wpsp_social_scheduling":{"enabled":false,"datetime":null,"platforms":[],"status":"template_only","dateOption":"today","timeOption":"now","customDays":"","customHours":"","customDate":"","customTime":"","schedulingType":"absolute"},"_wpsp_active_default_template":true},"categories":[2,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16893","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-dac-aoc-cables"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.13 (Yoast SEO v25.8) - 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