{"id":2852,"date":"2022-09-23T06:08:24","date_gmt":"2022-09-23T06:08:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/?p=2852"},"modified":"2022-12-16T06:26:00","modified_gmt":"2022-12-16T06:26:00","slug":"100gbase-sr-bd-optical-transceiver-module-features-and-application","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/100g-sr-bd-optical-transceiver-module.htm","title":{"rendered":"100GBASE-SR BD Optical Transceiver Module &#8211; Features and Applications"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">With the rise of cloud computing and 5G networks, data centers tend to develop at higher rates, and the demand for 100G optical transceiver modules is increasing. Nowadays, 100G optical modules occupy a large proportion of the network construction cost. In the application environment within data centers, over 90% of fiber links in small and medium-sized data centers are less than 100 meters long. In large data centers, more than 70% of fiber links are less than 100 meters long, and more than 80% are less than 125 meters long. Multi-mode fiber can meet the needs of most of the links, so the 100G multi-mode module has the greatest demand. The QSFP28 100G multi-mode module has three mainstream solutions: 100GBASE-SR BD, 100GBASE-SR4, 100GBASE-SWDM4, and 100G QSFP28 BiDi SR1.2.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><b>1. Product specifications<\/b><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Among the three 100G multi-mode modules, 100GBASE-SR4 is the most widely used. The 100G QSFP28 SR4 is a hot-plugged full-duplex optical module with a center wavelength of 850nm and conforms to IEEE 802.3BA standards. It is specially used for short-distance transmission in 100G Ethernet. The 100G QSFP28 SR4 optical module can provide four independent send and receive channels, each of which can operate at a rate of 25Gbps. Using MPO or MTP interface (8-core), the transmission distance is 70m when it is used with OM3 multi-mode fiber, and 100m when it is used with OM4 multi-mode fiber. Its working principle is shown below:<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2853 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/working-principle-of-100G-QSFP28-SR4.png\" alt=\"working principle of 100G QSFP28 SR4\" width=\"800\" height=\"323\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/working-principle-of-100G-QSFP28-SR4.png 800w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/working-principle-of-100G-QSFP28-SR4-300x121.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/working-principle-of-100G-QSFP28-SR4-768x310.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong><b>working principle of 100G QSFP28 SR4<\/b><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Different from the 100G QSFP28 SR4, which requires eight optical fibers for transmission, the 100G QSFP28 SR BiDi (Bidirectional) module uses WDM technology to enable each LC port to simultaneously transmit and receive optical signals of different wavelengths from a multi-mode fiber. The two LC interfaces can transmit and receive 100G signals in total. Dual wavelength VCSEL bi-directional optical interface, PAM4 2 \u00d7 50-Gb\/s 850nm\/900 nm. These modules are designed to operate on multi-mode fiber systems using wavelengths of 850nm at one end and 900nm at the other. They can transmit up to 70 meters when used with OM3 fiber patch cable, up to 100 meters when used with OM4 fiber patch cable, and up to 150 meters when used with OM5 fiber patch cable. The working principle is as follows.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2854\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/working-principle-of-100G-QSFP28-SRBD-300x127.png\" alt=\"working principle of 100G QSFP28 SRBD\" width=\"800\" height=\"340\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/working-principle-of-100G-QSFP28-SRBD-300x127.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/working-principle-of-100G-QSFP28-SRBD-1024x435.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/working-principle-of-100G-QSFP28-SRBD-768x326.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/working-principle-of-100G-QSFP28-SRBD.png 1055w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong><b>working principle of 100G QSFP28 SRBD<\/b><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/nK78xJKho9M\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The 100GBASE-SWDM4 is similar to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/sale-446134-cisco-qsfp-40-2f100-srbd-compatible-100g-qsfp28-bidi-850nm-26-900nm-100m-lc-mmf-ddm-optical-transceiver.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">100G QSFP28 SR BiDi<\/span><\/a> in that both have duplex LC interfaces. SWDM refers to the short-wave wavelength division multiplexing technology, similar to CWDM4 and LWDM4 single-mode schemes, through MUX\/DMUX to realize the combined splitting of waves and transmit optical signals of four bands on a core multi-mode fiber. The windows of the four bands are 850nm, 880nm, 910nm, and 940nm; the maximum transmission distance is 70 meters when used with OM3 fiber patch cable, and up to 100 meters when used with OM4 fiber patch cable. The working principle is as follows.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2855\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/working-principle-of-100G-QSFP28-SWDM4-300x179.png\" alt=\"working principle of 100G QSFP28 SWDM4\" width=\"800\" height=\"477\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/working-principle-of-100G-QSFP28-SWDM4-300x179.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/working-principle-of-100G-QSFP28-SWDM4.png 700w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong><b>working principle of 100G QSFP28 SWDM4<\/b><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Mission-critical workloads such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are increasing computing and traffic demands within structures, driving a shift to denser and faster connections within the ridges and backbones of data centers and between ridge\/rack top switches and servers.\u00a0When upgrading a traditional data center from 10G to 40G or 100G, the LC duplex cabling connecting to the SFP optical module must be converted to the MPO cabling connecting to the QSFP optical module, which increases operating costs. How can wiring be simplified and capital expenditure reduced? The optical module using BiDi solution can do this, 100G QSFP28 BiDi SR1.2 is such a product.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3462\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Fiber-Mall-100G-QSFP28-BiDi-SR1.2.png\" alt=\"FiberMall 100G QSFP28 BD SR1.2\" width=\"800\" height=\"173\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Fiber-Mall-100G-QSFP28-BiDi-SR1.2.png 1001w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Fiber-Mall-100G-QSFP28-BiDi-SR1.2-300x65.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Fiber-Mall-100G-QSFP28-BiDi-SR1.2-768x166.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong><b>FiberMall 100G QSFP28 BiDi SR1.2<\/b><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Very similar to the 40G QSFP+ SR BiDi optical module, the 100G QSFP28 BiDi SR1.2 allows data center operators to reuse their existing duplex LC jumper infrastructure when upgrading from 10G SR or 40Gb BiDi to 100G. By upgrading network devices of one terminal at a time, the carrier can flexibly upgrade the data center.<\/p>\n<p>100G QSF28 SR1.2 is a Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable (QSFP28) BiDi optical module. It supports 100Gbps and conforms to IEEE802.3bm 100GBASE-SR4. The module adopts dual-core duplex LC multi-mode optical fiber. It adopts 4\u00d725G NRZ modulation at the electrical end and converts to 2x50Gbps PAM4 modulation at the optical end. The total bandwidth is 100Gb. The PAM4 technology supports signal transmission at 50Gb data rates and 25Gbaud rates.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3470\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/100G-1.png\" alt=\"100G\" width=\"800\" height=\"103\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/100G-1.png 1080w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/100G-1-300x39.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/100G-1-1024x132.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/100G-1-768x99.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The 100G QSFP28 SR BiDi is used in pairs for 100G connectivity and can also be connected to the 400G QSFP+ SR BiDi in 4 x 100G branch mode.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3475\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/400G-e1671011913818.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/400G-e1671011913818.png 1080w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/400G-e1671011913818-300x80.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/400G-e1671011913818-1024x273.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/400G-e1671011913818-768x205.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It can be seen that although the four modules need to be used with multi-mode optical fibers, the technical principles of the modules are not the same. 100G QSFP28 SR4 adopts four-channel parallel transmission, so at least 8 optical fibers are needed to complete the transmission (four receiving and four transmitting). 100GBASE-SR BD uses a single optical fiber to transmit and receive 50G data, and the two interfaces jointly transmit 100G data. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.swdm.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">100GBASE-SWDM4<\/span><\/a> uses wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) technology to multiplex signals of four bands into one optical fiber for transmission. Two optical fibers are needed for receiving and transmitting.<\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-108\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-108 tbody-has-connected-cells\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Product Specification<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Module Cost<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Cabling Cost<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">Product Ecology<\/th><th class=\"column-5\">Application Commonality<\/th><th class=\"column-6\">Application Differences<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">QSFP28 100G SR4<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">low<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">high<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">excellent<\/td><td rowspan=\"4\" class=\"column-5\">All need to be used with multi-mode fiber<\/td><td class=\"column-6\">MPO Interface<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">QSFP28 100G SRBD<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">high<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">low<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">good<\/td><td rowspan=\"3\" class=\"column-6\">Duplex LC Interface<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">QSFP28 100G BiDi SR1.2<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">low<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">low<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">good<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">QSFP28 100G SWDM4<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">average<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">low<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">poor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-108 from cache -->\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><b>2. Product Application Selection<\/b><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">All three modules are compatible with the mainstream 100G QSFP28 port, and although there is a big difference in technical specifications, there is little difference in application: 100GBASE-SR4 must be used with MPO 8\/12 core multi-mode jumper, 100GBASE-SR BD and 100GBASE-SWDM4 must be used with duplex LC multi-mode fiber.\u00a0From the perspective of fiber resources and cabling cost, the fiber resources of 100GBASE-SR BD and 100GBASE-SWDM4 cabling only require 1\/4 of that of 100GBASE-SR4, which can significantly save the capital expenditure of fiber infrastructure. However, the cost of 100GBASE-SR BD and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/sale-455453-qsfp28-100g-swdm4-850nm-100m.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">100GBASE-SWDM4 modules<\/span><\/a> is much higher than that of 100GBASE-SR4. Therefore, from the perspective of the overall cost of optical module + fiber, Using 100GBASE-SR BD or 100GBASE-SWDM4 is not necessarily lower than using 100GBASE-SR4.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2856\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/duplex-multimode-cabling-in-data-centers-300x169.png\" alt=\"duplex multimode cabling in data centers\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/duplex-multimode-cabling-in-data-centers-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/duplex-multimode-cabling-in-data-centers.png 696w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Duplex Multi-Mode Cabling in Data Centers<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Why do\u00a0some\u00a0customers choose 100GBASE-SR BD and 100GBASE-SWDM4 when the overall application cost is higher than 100GBASE-SR4? After communicating with the customer, the technical personnel of FiberMall found that 100GBASE-SR BD or 100GBASE-SWDM4 was selected because the network demand was upgraded from the original 10G\/25G to 100G, and the network wiring of 10G\/25G was mainly LC duplex multi-mode Fiber. If the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/sale-420498-cisco-qsfp-100g-sr4-s-compatible-100g-qsfp28-sr4-850nm-100m-mtp-mpo-mmf-ddm-transceiver-module.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">QSFP28 100G SR4 module<\/span><\/a> is used, the original wiring needs to be greatly adjusted, and the cost would be extremely\u00a0high. Therefore, 100GBASE-SR BD or 100GBASE-SWDM4 with LC interface will be chosen.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Although 100GBASE-SR BD and 100GBASE-SWDM4 are both duplex LC interfaces, there is a huge difference in technology. It is known that now few manufacturers in the world produce 100GBASE-SWDM4. FiberMall is one of the optical module manufacturers that can produce 100G QSFP28 SWMD4, which is used by fewer customers and has some instability in chip supply. 100GBASE-SR BD has a high technical threshold. FiberMall has started mass shipment from 2020, and the ecological development of products is good. FiberMall recommends 100G QSFP28 SR BD optical modules for 100G networks in data center duplex multimode cabling environments.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>The advantages of 100G QSFP28 BiDi SR1.2<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduce capex by reusing duplex LC multi-mode fiber infrastructure<\/li>\n<li>Reduce operating expenses by seamlessly upgrading from 10Gbps SR or 40Gbps BiDi to 100Gbps rates<\/li>\n<li>Prepare for future network upgrades by providing 400 Gbps rate connections<\/li>\n<li>Use KP4 forward error correction (FEC) to reduce transmission errors at 100Gbps data rates<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><b>Data Center Cabling with 100G QSFP28 BiDi SR1.2<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As shown below, the 400G QSFP-DD BiDi SR4.2 can be deployed in the spine layer, which acts as the backbone of the network, with branches connected to the leaf nodes. Deploy <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/sale-460140-cisco-100g-qsfp28-sr-bidi-single-rate.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">100G QSFP28 BiDi SR1.2<\/span><\/a> in the backbone and leaf nodes and upgrade the backbone to 400G as bandwidth demands grow.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3476\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Data-center-topology-of-leaf-ridge-architecture-e1671011958967.png\" alt=\"Data center topology of leaf ridge architecture\" width=\"800\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Data-center-topology-of-leaf-ridge-architecture-e1671011958967.png 1080w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Data-center-topology-of-leaf-ridge-architecture-e1671011958967-300x210.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Data-center-topology-of-leaf-ridge-architecture-e1671011958967-1024x717.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Data-center-topology-of-leaf-ridge-architecture-e1671011958967-768x538.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong><b>Data center topology of leaf ridge architecture<\/b><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>As shown below, pluggable optical modules offer greater reach and operational flexibility than pre-assembled cables (DAC\/AOC). Operators can use 100G QSFP28 BiDi SR1.2 for top-of-rack connectivity to servers or deploy 400G in TOR with branch connectivity downstream. Connect 1\u00d7400G QSFP-DD BiDi SR4.2 with 4\u00d7100G QSFP28 BiDi SR1.2 to the server.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3477\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Data-center-topology-for-switch-to-server-connectivity-1-e1671012004400.png\" alt=\"Data center topology for switch-to-server connectivity\" width=\"800\" height=\"471\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Data-center-topology-for-switch-to-server-connectivity-1-e1671012004400.png 1080w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Data-center-topology-for-switch-to-server-connectivity-1-e1671012004400-300x177.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Data-center-topology-for-switch-to-server-connectivity-1-e1671012004400-1024x603.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Data-center-topology-for-switch-to-server-connectivity-1-e1671012004400-768x452.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong><b>Data center topology for switch-to-server connectivity<\/b><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>In short distance connection of data center, FiberMall can not only provide 100G QSFP28 BiDi SR1.2 but also 40G QSFP+ SR BiDi and 100G QSFP28 SWDM4 can also continue to use duplex LC multimode jumper. It can replace the 40G QSFP+ SR4 and 100GE QSFP28 SR4 optical modules, greatly saving optical fiber resources and simplifying optical fiber management in the data center.<\/p>\n<style>\r\n\r\n        .lwrp.link-whisper-related-posts{\r\n            \r\n            margin-top: 40px;\nmargin-bottom: 30px;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-title{\r\n            \r\n            \r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-description{\r\n            \r\n            \r\n\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-container{\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container{\r\n            display: flex;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-double{\r\n            width: 48%;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-triple{\r\n            width: 32%;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container{\r\n            display: flex;\r\n            justify-content: space-between;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container .lwrp-list-item{\r\n            width: calc(100% - 20px);\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item:not(.lwrp-no-posts-message-item){\r\n            \r\n            list-style: decimal;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item img{\r\n            max-width: 100%;\r\n            height: auto;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item.lwrp-empty-list-item{\r\n            background: initial !important;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-link .lwrp-list-link-title-text,\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-no-posts-message{\r\n            \r\n                \r\n        }\r\n        @media screen and (max-width: 480px) {\r\n            .lwrp.link-whisper-related-posts{\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-title{\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-description{\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container{\r\n                flex-direction: column;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container ul.lwrp-list{\r\n                margin-top: 0px;\r\n                margin-bottom: 0px;\r\n                padding-top: 0px;\r\n                padding-bottom: 0px;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-double,\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-triple{\r\n                width: 100%;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container{\r\n                justify-content: initial;\r\n                flex-direction: column;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container .lwrp-list-item{\r\n                width: 100%;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-item:not(.lwrp-no-posts-message-item){\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-link .lwrp-list-link-title-text,\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-no-posts-message{\r\n                \r\n                    \r\n            }\r\n        }<\/style>\r\n<div id=\"link-whisper-related-posts-widget\" class=\"link-whisper-related-posts lwrp\">\r\n            <h3 class=\"lwrp-title\">Related Posts<\/h3>    \r\n        <div class=\"lwrp-list-container\">\r\n                                            <ul class=\"lwrp-list lwrp-list-single\">\r\n                    <li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/qdd-400g-dr4.htm\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Understanding the QDD 400G DR4: Optical Transceiver Modules Compatible with Cisco and Juniper<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/osfp-transceiver-complete-guide.htm\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Complete Guide to OSFP Transceivers: 400G\/800G\/1.6T Technology<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/questions\/are-arista-100g-transceivers-interoperable.htm\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Are Arista 100G Transceivers Interoperable with Other 100G Transceivers Available in the Industry?<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/an-overview-of-400g-optical-transceiver.htm\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">400G ZR, DR4, FR4, LR4, SR8 QSFP-DD Optical Transceiver Overview<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/data-center-interconnection.htm\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">What is Data Center Interconnection?<\/span><\/a><\/li>                <\/ul>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>With the rise of cloud computing and 5G networks, data centers tend to develop at higher rates, and the demand for 100G optical transceiver modules is increasing. Nowadays, 100G optical modules occupy a large proportion of the network construction cost. In the application environment within data centers, over 90% of fiber links in small and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":2855,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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