{"id":3785,"date":"2023-02-14T09:35:16","date_gmt":"2023-02-14T09:35:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/?p=3785"},"modified":"2023-03-02T09:22:51","modified_gmt":"2023-03-02T09:22:51","slug":"overview-of-the-development-of-fiber-optic-transceivers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/development-of-fiber-optic-transceivers.htm","title":{"rendered":"Overview of the Development of Fiber Optic Transceivers"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/development-of-fiber-optic-transceivers.htm\/#Introduction_to_Fiber_Optic_Transceivers\" >Introduction to Fiber Optic Transceivers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/development-of-fiber-optic-transceivers.htm\/#Classification_of_optical_modules\" >Classification of optical modules<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/development-of-fiber-optic-transceivers.htm\/#Main_application_fields_of_optical_modules\" >Main application fields of optical modules<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/development-of-fiber-optic-transceivers.htm\/#_Application_of_Fiber_Optic_Transceivers_in_the_Telecom_Field\" >\u00a0Application of Fiber Optic Transceivers in the Telecom Field<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/development-of-fiber-optic-transceivers.htm\/#Application_of_optical_modules_in_data_centers\" >Application of optical modules in data centers<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/development-of-fiber-optic-transceivers.htm\/#Optical_module_industry_chain\" >Optical module industry chain<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/development-of-fiber-optic-transceivers.htm\/#Development_trend_of_Fiber_Optic_Transceivers\" >Development trend of Fiber Optic Transceivers<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/development-of-fiber-optic-transceivers.htm\/#Related_Posts\" >Related Posts<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction_to_Fiber_Optic_Transceivers\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Introduction to Fiber Optic Transceivers<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Fiber optic transceiver, also called optical module, is used to realize the conversion between electrical and optical signals. It is the core device for connecting communication equipment with optical fibers. The optical module is usually composed of Transmitter Optical Subassembly (TOSA, containing a laser LD Chip), Receiver Optical Subassembly (ROSA, containing a photodetector PD Chip), a driving circuit, and an optical and electrical interface. Its schematic is shown in Figure<\/span> 1.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3791\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u56fe1-\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\u56fe-1.png\" alt=\"Internal structure diagram of optical module\" width=\"443\" height=\"263\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u56fe1-\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\u56fe-1.png 768w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u56fe1-\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\u56fe-1-300x178.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Figure 1 Internal structure diagram of optical module<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The lasers inside the optical module can be divided into vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL), Fabry-Perot lasers (FP), distributed feedback lasers (DFB), electro-absorption modulated lasers (EML) and narrowband tunable lasers, etc.; Photodetectors can be classified into PIN junction diodes (PIN) and avalanche photodiodes (APD). Different types of lasers and photodetectors have differences in performance and cost, so we can choose different chip solutions according to their specific specifications.<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s take the 25G gray optical module as an example to introduce the basic functional block diagram of the optical module.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3794\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u56fe-2-\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u80fd\u6846\u56fe-2.png\" alt=\" Basic functional block diagram of the optical module\" width=\"616\" height=\"173\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u56fe-2-\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u80fd\u6846\u56fe-2.png 841w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u56fe-2-\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u80fd\u6846\u56fe-2-300x84.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u56fe-2-\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u80fd\u6846\u56fe-2-768x216.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 616px) 100vw, 616px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Figure 2 Basic functional block diagram of the optical module<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>At the sending end, the electrical signal at a certain rate is processed by the driver chip to drive the laser (LD) to emit a modulated optical signal at a corresponding rate, and the optical signal with stable power is output through the optical power automatic control circuit. At the receiving end, after entering the module, the optical signal at a certain rate is converted into an electrical signal by a photodetector (PD), and then output an electrical signal of a corresponding rate after passing through a preamplifier.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to lasers and detectors, the optical module also contains some electrical chips, the specific functions can be seen in the figure below.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3799\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u56fe3-\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u5185\u90e8\u7ec4\u4ef6\u529f\u80fd\u4ecb\u7ecd-3.png\" alt=\"Introduction to the functions of the internal components of the optical module\" width=\"900\" height=\"282\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u56fe3-\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u5185\u90e8\u7ec4\u4ef6\u529f\u80fd\u4ecb\u7ecd-3.png 900w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u56fe3-\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u5185\u90e8\u7ec4\u4ef6\u529f\u80fd\u4ecb\u7ecd-3-300x94.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u56fe3-\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u5185\u90e8\u7ec4\u4ef6\u529f\u80fd\u4ecb\u7ecd-3-768x241.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Figure 3 Introduction to the functions of the internal components of the optical module<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Classification_of_optical_modules\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Classification of optical modules<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Optical modules can be classified in many ways, such as according to packaging method, rate, transmission distance, modulation format, whether to support <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wdm-vs-otn.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) <\/a>applications, optical interface working mode, working temperature range, etc. The specific classification is shown in the following table.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Table 1 Classification of optical modules<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-133\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-133\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Classification of Optical Modules<\/th><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">By form factor<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">SFP,SFP+,SFP28,QSFP28,CFP2,QSFP-DD,OSFP,etc.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">By transmission distance<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">2.5Gb\/s,10Gb\/s,25Gb\/s,40Gb\/s,50Gb\/s,100Gb\/s,200Gb\/s,400Gb\/s,800Gb\/s,etc.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">By Modulation mode<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">NRZ,PAM4,DP-QPSK\/n-QAM,etc.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Whether wavelength division multiplexing(WDM) is supported<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">gray light module(WDM not supported),color optical module (WDM supported)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">By working module of ptical interface <\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Duplex,BiDi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">By operating temperature range<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Commercial grade (0~70\u2103), industrial grade (-40~85\u2103), etc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-133 from cache -->\n<p>The evolution of the packaging method can most intuitively reflect the evolution trend of high speed and miniaturization of optical modules. From SFP packaging to QSFP, QSFP-DD packaging, the rate of optical modules has increased from 1Gbps to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/store-21972-800g-qsfp-dd-osfp.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">800Gbps<\/a>, and the improvement of packaging technology has enabled optical modules to adapt to higher rate requirements with little change in volume.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3803\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u56fe4-\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u5c01\u88c5\u6f14\u53d8.png\" alt=\"Evolution of optical module packaging\" width=\"609\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u56fe4-\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u5c01\u88c5\u6f14\u53d8.png 900w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u56fe4-\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u5c01\u88c5\u6f14\u53d8-300x138.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u56fe4-\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u5c01\u88c5\u6f14\u53d8-768x353.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 609px) 100vw, 609px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Figure 4 Evolution of optical module packaging<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>With the advent of 5G, optical module manufacturers have launched colored optical modules to support higher bandwidth requirements. The colored optical module adopts <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wdm-vs-otn.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WDM<\/a> technology, which combines optical signals of different wavelengths on one optical fiber for transmission, which greatly improves the signal transmission bandwidth of the link. At present, the colored module is mainly divided into CWDM, LWDM, MWDM, and DWDM.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Table 2 Comparison of colored optical modules<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-135\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-135\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Main types of color optical modules<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Channel interval<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Scheme<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">Cost<\/th><th class=\"column-5\">Major commercial area<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">CWDM<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">20nm<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">uncooled DML+PIN<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">low<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">China<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">LWDM<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">800GHz<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">cooled DML+PIN<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">medium<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">Japan and South Korea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">DWDM<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">100GHz<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">cooled EML+APD<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">high<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">North America, Japan, and South Korea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">MWDM<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">CWDM wavelength+-3.5nm<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">cooled DML+PIN<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">medium<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">China<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-135 from cache -->\n<p>Its wavelength distribution is as follows:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3807\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u56fe5\uff0c\u5f69\u5149\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u6ce2\u957f\u5206\u5e03.png\" alt=\"wavelength distribution of colored optical module\" width=\"695\" height=\"305\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u56fe5\uff0c\u5f69\u5149\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u6ce2\u957f\u5206\u5e03.png 782w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u56fe5\uff0c\u5f69\u5149\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u6ce2\u957f\u5206\u5e03-300x132.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u56fe5\uff0c\u5f69\u5149\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u6ce2\u957f\u5206\u5e03-768x337.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 695px) 100vw, 695px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Figure 5: wavelength distribution of colored optical module<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Main_application_fields_of_optical_modules\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Main application fields of optical modules<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Optical modules are mainly used in the field of telecommunications and data centers. In the field of telecommunications, it is mainly used in wireless fronthaul, middle and backhaul, backbone transmission, FTTX, etc.; In the field of data centers, it is often used in the internal data transmission of the main data centers and the interconnection among data centers.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_Application_of_Fiber_Optic_Transceivers_in_the_Telecom_Field\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00a0Application of Fiber Optic Transceivers in the Telecom Field<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Taking the 5G bearer network as an example, it is generally divided into the metro access layer, the metro aggregation layer, the metro core layer\/provincial trunk line to realize the front-haul and mid-haul functions of 5G services. The devices at each layer are interconnected mainly through optical modules, and their typical application scenarios and requirements analysis are shown in Table 3.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Table 3: Analysis of 5G bearer optical module application scenarios and demand<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-136\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-136\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Network layering<\/th><th colspan=\"2\" class=\"column-2\">Metro access layer<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">Metro convergence layer<\/th><th class=\"column-5\">Metro core layer\/trunk line<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">5G front-haul<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">5G mid-and-back-haul<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">5G mid-and-back-haul+DCI<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">5G mid-and-back-haul+DCI<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Transmission distance<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><10\/20km<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><40km<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><40km-80km<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><40km-80km\/hundreds km<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Networking topology<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Star type is dominant, with ring network auxiliary<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Ring network dominates, with a small number of chain or star links<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Ring network or dual uplink link<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">Ring network or dual uplink link<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Customer interface rate<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">eCPRI:25Gb\/s,<br \/>\nCPRI:N*10\/25Gb\/s<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Early 5G:10\/25Gb\/s<br \/>\nScale business\uff1aN*25\/50Gb\/s<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Early 5G:10\/25Gb\/s<br \/>\nScale business\uff1aN*25\/50\/100Gb\/s<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">Early 5G: 25\/50\/100Gb\/s<br \/>\nScale business\uff1aN*100\/400Gb\/s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Line interface rate<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">10\/25\/100Gb\/s gray light or N*25\/50Gb\/s WDM color light<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">25\/50\/100Gb\/s gray light or N*25\/50Gb\/s WDM color light<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">100\/200Gb\/s gray light or N*100Gb\/s WDM color light<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">200\/400Gb\/s gray light or N*100\/200\/400Gb\/s WDM color light<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-136 from cache -->\n<p>Typical requirements for optical modules in 5G front-haul application scenarios are as follows:<\/p>\n<p>(1) Within the industrial temperature range and satisfying high reliability requirements: Considering the AAU full outdoor application environment, the fronthaul optical module needs to be within the industrial temperature range of -40\u00b0C~+85\u00b0C and meet the dustproof requirements.<br \/>\n(2) Low cost: The total demand for 5G optical modules is expected to exceed that of 4G, especially the demand for front-haul optical modules may be in the order of tens of millions. Low cost is one of the main demands of the industry for optical modules.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Table 4 Current situation of 5G fronthaul optical modules<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-137\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-137 tbody-has-connected-cells\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Rate<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Form factor<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Transmission distance<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">Operating wavelength<\/th><th class=\"column-5\">Modulation format<\/th><th class=\"column-6\">Optical chip<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"9\" class=\"column-1\">25Gb\/s<br \/>\n(eCPRI\/CPRI)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">SFP28<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">70-100m<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">850nm<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">NRZ<\/td><td class=\"column-6\">VCSEL+PIN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">SFP28<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">300m<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1310nm<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">NRZ<\/td><td class=\"column-6\">FP\/DFB+PIN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">SFP28<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">10km<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1310nm<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">NRZ<\/td><td class=\"column-6\">DFB+PIN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">SFP28<br \/>\nBIDI<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">10km\/15km\/20km<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1270\/1330nm<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">NRZ\/PAM4<\/td><td class=\"column-6\">DFB+PIN(or APD)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">SFP28<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">10km<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">CWDM<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">NRZ<\/td><td class=\"column-6\">uncooled DFB+PIN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">SFP28<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">15km<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">LWDM<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">NRZ<\/td><td class=\"column-6\">cooled DFB+PIN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">SFP28<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">10km<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">MWDM<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">NRZ<\/td><td class=\"column-6\">cooled DFB+PIN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">SFP28<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">10km<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">DWDM<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">NRZ<\/td><td class=\"column-6\">cooled EML+APD<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">SFP28 Tunable<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">10km\/15km<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">DWDM<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">NRZ<\/td><td class=\"column-6\">cooled EML+APD<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-137 from cache -->\n<p>5G medium and backhaul covers the access layer, aggregation layer and core layer of the metropolitan area. The required optical module technology is not much different from that used in the existing transmission network and data centers. The access layer will mainly use 25Gb\/s, 50Gb\/ s, 100Gb\/s and other gray light or colored light modules, the convergence layer and above will mostly use <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/sale-459149-100g-dwdm-qsfp28-pam4-c13-c14-80km.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">100Gb\/s<\/a>, 200Gb\/s, 400Gb\/s and other DWDM colored light modules.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Application_of_optical_modules_in_data_centers\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Application of optical modules in data centers<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A data center is a huge data center group composed of multiple computer rooms. For the normal use of Internet services, it is necessary to coordinatate operation of data centers. A large amount of information between data centers converges at the same time, which creates the demand for data center interconnection network, and optical fiber communication is a necessary solution to realize network interconnection; Different from traditional telecom access network transmission equipment, data center interconnection needs to achieve larger and more intensive transmission of information, which requires switching equipment to have higher speed, lower power consumption, and more miniaturized performance. Fiber optic transceiver is a core factor that determines whether these performances can be realized.<\/p>\n<p>The connection types of optical modules in data center can be divided into three types: internal information transmission in data centers, interconnection among data centers, and information transmission from data centers to users. At present, the internal communication of data centers accounts for the vast majority of data center communications. The great development of data center construction has promoted the development of high-speed optical modules, and the application prospects of high-speed optical modules are getting better and better.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3812\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u56fe6-\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5185\u90e8\u56fe\u793a.png\" alt=\"Diagram inside the data center\" width=\"629\" height=\"275\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u56fe6-\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5185\u90e8\u56fe\u793a.png 818w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u56fe6-\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5185\u90e8\u56fe\u793a-300x131.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u56fe6-\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5185\u90e8\u56fe\u793a-768x336.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 629px) 100vw, 629px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Figure 6 Diagram inside the data center<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Optical_module_industry_chain\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Optical module industry chain<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The optical module industry chain consists of upstream optoelectronic chip suppliers, midstream optical module suppliers, and downstream telecommunications, network equipment vendors, internet service providers and Internet manufacturers.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3813\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u56fe7-\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u4ea7\u4e1a\u94fe.png\" alt=\" Industry chain of optical modules\" width=\"585\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u56fe7-\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u4ea7\u4e1a\u94fe.png 900w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u56fe7-\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u4ea7\u4e1a\u94fe-300x128.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/\u56fe7-\u5149\u6a21\u5757\u4ea7\u4e1a\u94fe-768x329.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 585px) 100vw, 585px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Figure 7 Industry chain of optical modules<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There are many suppliers of upstream optoelectronic chips, but high-end optical chips and electrical chips have high technical barriers and high R&amp;D costs. The optical module industry is located in the middle of the industry chain, which belongs to the packaging link with relatively low technical barriers. It is under the pressure of the top and bottom of the chain, with relatively weak bargaining power and fierce competition within the industry. After years of development, Chinese companies have occupied half of the global optical module market by virtue of their advantages in labor costs, market size, and support from equipment manufacturers and operators.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Development_trend_of_Fiber_Optic_Transceivers\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Development trend of Fiber Optic Transceivers<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>High speed is the inevitable trend of optical modules. With the evolution of optical modules to high speeds such as 400G, 800G and even 1.6T, the market has increasingly high requirements for low power consumption, miniaturization, and low cost. There will be a technical bottleneck for traditional optical module technology. Due to its high integration and low power consumption, silicon photonics integration technology will break through this bottleneck and usher in a technological breakthrough. At present, more and more manufacturers from home and abroad are investing in the research and development of silicon photonics integrated modules. Some high-speed optical modules using silicon photonics integration technology have been mass-produced and put into use in data centers.<\/p>\n<style>\r\n\r\n        .lwrp.link-whisper-related-posts{\r\n            \r\n            margin-top: 40px;\nmargin-bottom: 30px;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-title{\r\n            \r\n            \r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-description{\r\n            \r\n            \r\n\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-container{\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container{\r\n            display: flex;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-double{\r\n            width: 48%;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-triple{\r\n            width: 32%;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container{\r\n            display: flex;\r\n            justify-content: space-between;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container .lwrp-list-item{\r\n            width: calc(100% - 20px);\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item:not(.lwrp-no-posts-message-item){\r\n            \r\n            list-style: decimal;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item img{\r\n            max-width: 100%;\r\n            height: auto;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item.lwrp-empty-list-item{\r\n            background: initial !important;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-link .lwrp-list-link-title-text,\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-no-posts-message{\r\n            \r\n                \r\n        }\r\n        @media screen and (max-width: 480px) {\r\n            .lwrp.link-whisper-related-posts{\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-title{\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-description{\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container{\r\n                flex-direction: column;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container ul.lwrp-list{\r\n                margin-top: 0px;\r\n                margin-bottom: 0px;\r\n                padding-top: 0px;\r\n                padding-bottom: 0px;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-double,\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-triple{\r\n                width: 100%;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container{\r\n                justify-content: initial;\r\n                flex-direction: column;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container .lwrp-list-item{\r\n                width: 100%;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-item:not(.lwrp-no-posts-message-item){\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-link .lwrp-list-link-title-text,\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-no-posts-message{\r\n                \r\n                    \r\n            }\r\n        }<\/style>\r\n<div id=\"link-whisper-related-posts-widget\" class=\"link-whisper-related-posts lwrp\">\r\n            <h3 class=\"lwrp-title\">Related Posts<\/h3>    \r\n        <div class=\"lwrp-list-container\">\r\n                                            <ul class=\"lwrp-list lwrp-list-single\">\r\n                    <li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/news\/100g-single-lambda-qsfp28-dr1-fr1-lr1.htm\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Fiber Mall to Release 100G Single-Lambda QSFP28 DR1, FR1, LR1<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/video\/10gbase-t-and-cat6a-or-cat7.htm\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Application of 10Gbase-T and Cat6a or Cat7 in communication network<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/cs-fiber-connector.htm\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Understanding the CS Connector: A Comprehensive Guide<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/difference-between-gigabit-and-10-gigabit-switch.htm\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">What is the Difference Between Gigabit Switch and 10 Gigabit Switch<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/how-many-optical-transceivers-does-chatgpt-require.htm\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">How Many Optical Transceivers Does ChatGPT Require?<\/span><\/a><\/li>                <\/ul>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction to Fiber Optic Transceivers Fiber optic transceiver, also called optical module, is used to realize the conversion between electrical and optical signals. It is the core device for connecting communication equipment with optical fibers. The optical module is usually composed of Transmitter Optical Subassembly (TOSA, containing a laser LD Chip), Receiver Optical Subassembly (ROSA, 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