{"id":5353,"date":"2023-07-31T06:06:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-31T06:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/?p=5353"},"modified":"2023-09-01T02:04:32","modified_gmt":"2023-09-01T02:04:32","slug":"illustration-of-layer-3-switch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/illustration-of-layer-3-switch.htm","title":{"rendered":"Illustration of Layer 3 Switch"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Layer 3 switch, very powerful, is an upgraded product of layer 2 switch. It has all the functions of the switch, and some of the functions of the router. It is a device to achieve high-speed data forwarding in the local area network. Next, let&#8217;s take a closer look at the next layer 3 switch.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/illustration-of-layer-3-switch.htm\/#What_is_a_Layer_3_Switch\" >What is a Layer 3 Switch?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/illustration-of-layer-3-switch.htm\/#What_is_the_Difference_between_Layer_3_Switches_and_Routers\" >What is the Difference between Layer 3 Switches and Routers?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/illustration-of-layer-3-switch.htm\/#What_is_the_Architecture_of_the_Layer_3_Switch\" >What is the Architecture of the Layer 3 Switch?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/illustration-of-layer-3-switch.htm\/#What_is_Multilayer_Switching\" >What is Multilayer Switching?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/illustration-of-layer-3-switch.htm\/#What_is_a_Load_Balancing_Device\" >What is a Load Balancing Device?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/illustration-of-layer-3-switch.htm\/#What_is_SSL_Acceleration\" >What is SSL Acceleration?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/illustration-of-layer-3-switch.htm\/#How_Many_Types_of_Layer_3_Switches_according_to_the_Performance_Classification\" >How Many Types of Layer 3 Switches according to the Performance Classification?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/illustration-of-layer-3-switch.htm\/#What_are_the_Functions_of_Layer_3_Switches\" >What are the Functions of Layer 3 Switches?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/illustration-of-layer-3-switch.htm\/#What_is_a_VLAN\" >What is a VLAN?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/illustration-of-layer-3-switch.htm\/#What_is_a_Port-based_VLAN\" >What is a Port-based VLAN?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/illustration-of-layer-3-switch.htm\/#What_is_a_Tag_VLAN\" >What is a Tag VLAN?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/illustration-of-layer-3-switch.htm\/#What_is_a_Native_VLAN\" >What is a Native VLAN?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/illustration-of-layer-3-switch.htm\/#What_is_a_Trunk_Port\" >What is a Trunk Port?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/illustration-of-layer-3-switch.htm\/#What_is_a_Private_VLAN\" >What is a Private VLAN?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/illustration-of-layer-3-switch.htm\/#What_is_the_Difference_between_Static_and_Dynamic_VLANs\" >What is the Difference between Static and Dynamic VLANs?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/illustration-of-layer-3-switch.htm\/#How_do_VLANs_Interoperate\" >How do VLANs Interoperate?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/illustration-of-layer-3-switch.htm\/#Related_Posts\" >Related Posts<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_Layer_3_Switch\"><\/span>What is a Layer 3 Switch?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Layer 3 switch is a network device with a routing selection function created on the basis of a Layer 2 switch. It can implement network functions and forward packets based on ASIC and FPGA. Layer 2 switch performs the data frame or VLAN transmission function based on the MAC address of the data link layer. Layer 3 switch performs the routing selection and packet filtering functions based on the IP address of the network layer.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-5356\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/layer-2-switch.png\" alt=\"layer 2 switch\" width=\"506\" height=\"385\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/layer-2-switch.png 461w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/layer-2-switch-300x228.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 506px) 100vw, 506px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Layer 2 switch<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Layer 2 switch: By using VLANs to separate broadcast domains, terminals under the same VLAN can exchange data frames. When there is a need for communication between terminals of different VLANs, the routing function must be used, that means to add an additional router.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/layer-2-switch-2.png\" alt=\"layer 2 switch 2\" width=\"452\" height=\"521\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/layer-2-switch-2.png 452w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/layer-2-switch-2-260x300.png 260w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 452px) 100vw, 452px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Layer 2 switch 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Layer 2 switches and routers are used in combination to complete Cross-VLAN communication, while layer-3 switches can directly complete the communication between different VLANs without other network equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"381\" height=\"361\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/layer-3-switch.png\" alt=\"layer-3 switch\" class=\"wp-image-5365\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/layer-3-switch.png 381w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/layer-3-switch-300x284.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 381px) 100vw, 381px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Layer-3 switch<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At present, the internal network core switches are all using Layer 3 switches. Layer 3 switch is used to forward packets within the Intranet composed of Ethernet, while router is used as a gateway between the Internet and the intranet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-the-difference-between-layer-3-switches-and-routers\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_Difference_between_Layer_3_Switches_and_Routers\"><\/span>What is the Difference between Layer 3 Switches and Routers?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Layer 3 Switch vs Switch<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-142\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-142\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Name<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Layer 3 Switch<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Router<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Hardware<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Box type, frame type<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Desktop type, box type, frame type<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Data frame processing<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Hardware processing based on ASCI<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">CPU based software processing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Performance<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Linear speed processing<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Slower than a Layer 3 switch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Interface<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Ethernet (RJ-45, optical transceiver)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Ethernet (RJ-45, optical transceiver), serial port, ISDN, ATM, SDH, etc.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Unsupported protocols and functions<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Dial-up access (PPP, PPPoE), high QoS, NAT, VPN, status detection, high security, VolP, and so on<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">STP\/RSTP, LAN tracking, IEEE 802.1X, private VLAN, stacking, etc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-142 from cache -->\n<p>Layer 3 switch only support the data link layer protocol of Ethernet and the network layer protocol of IP network.<\/p>\n<p>Router: In addition to the IEEE 802 standard, the physical layer and data link layer also support other protocols, including ATM, SDH, and serial ports. The network layer and transport layer also support protocol stacks other than TCP\/IP, such as IPX, AppleTalk, and so on. These functions are completed by software running on the CPU, compared to the layer 3 switch, the speed will be much slower. but there are also many functions that must be handled by the router CPU, such as remote access, security functions, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-the-architecture-of-the-layer-3-switch\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_Architecture_of_the_Layer_3_Switch\"><\/span>What is the Architecture of the Layer 3 Switch?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The constituents of a layer 3 switch include control plane, data plane, backplane, and physical interfaces. The same architecture applies to high-end routers and firewalls. The three-layer switch divides the interior of the hardware device into two areas, that is, the control plane mainly with routing and management functions and data plane mainly with data-forwarding functions, so as to realize the system architecture of high-speed packet forwarding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"561\" height=\"321\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Layer-3-Switch-Components-1.png\" alt=\"Layer-3-Switch Components-1\" class=\"wp-image-5371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Layer-3-Switch-Components-1.png 561w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Layer-3-Switch-Components-1-300x172.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 561px) 100vw, 561px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Components of Layer-3-Switch -1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Components of Layer-3-Switch-2 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-143\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-143\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Hardware composition<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">control surface<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">The hardware is controlled by CPU based software processing. Overhead operating system remanagement, administrator user interface, routing protocol processing and so on<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">data plane<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">The actual data transmission is carried out by hardware processing based on ASIC, FPGA and network processor. MAC frame transmission is completed at Layer 2 and IP packet transmission at Layer 3. Necessary access control list and QoS related processing is also carried out during transmission<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">backplane<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Data is transferred between physical interfaces. The backplane supports three modes: shared bus mode, shared memory mode, and crossbar mode. The Ethernet standards for connecting cable cards in the subrack are IEEE802.3ap and IEEE802.3ba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">physical interface<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Send and receive data frames with other hardware. Use RJ-45 or optical transceiver (SFP, etc.) connectors in Layer 3 switches<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-143 from cache -->\n\n\n<p>When the internal structure of the hardware is divided into a control plane and a data plane, the transmission of packets requires the use of FIB (forwarding information base) and adjacency table information. This method of IP packet transmission using FIB and adjacency table information is called express forwarding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>FIB and Adjacency table<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-144\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-144\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Entry<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Illustration<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">FIB(forwarding information base)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">The entry is generated on the data plane based on the routing table information on the control plane and consists of the current valid destination subnet, next hop, and output interface combination<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Adjacency table<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">The entry that is generated on the data plane based on ARP table information and consists of information about the current valid destination host and output interface<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-144 from cache -->\n\n\n<p>Routers use CPU for packet forwarding, while Layer 3 switches use ASCI instead of the CPU for faster packet forwarding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"781\" height=\"401\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Boxed-product-architecture-1.png\" alt=\"Boxed product architecture 1\n\" class=\"wp-image-5377\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Boxed-product-architecture-1.png 781w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Boxed-product-architecture-1-300x154.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Boxed-product-architecture-1-768x394.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 781px) 100vw, 781px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Boxed product architecture 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"742\" height=\"602\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Boxed-product-architecture-2.png\" alt=\"Boxed product architecture 2\n\" class=\"wp-image-5379\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Boxed-product-architecture-2.png 742w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Boxed-product-architecture-2-300x243.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 742px) 100vw, 742px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Boxed product architecture 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Layer 3 switches combine the FIB and adjacency tables into a single entry called the FDB (forwarding database), which is registered in memory and processed by hardware for high-speed retrieval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-multilayer-switching\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_Multilayer_Switching\"><\/span>What is Multilayer Switching?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Except for layer 2 switches, switches above layer 3 (inclusive) are collectively referred to as multilayer switches. A layer-3 switch that has network functions such as IP routing and can control the access to the TCP port number of the transport layer through the access control list, also called Layer 4 switch. A switch that can support access control up to the TCP level is called a Layer 4 switch. A switch that can perform load balancing and other operations based on the application layer parameters of HTTP and HTTPS is called Layer 7 switch. Some manufacturers distinguish between network devices and routers that deal with the application layer as different types of products. But the so-called multi-layer switch is a high-speed network equipment for business processing of each layer based on ASIC and FPGA hardware processing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-a-load-balancing-device\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_Load_Balancing_Device\"><\/span>What is a Load Balancing Device?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Multiple clients connecting to a server at the same time can cause overloaded processing power of server. If using multiple servers providing the same service, by using load balancing device, the client&#8217;s request can be distributed to each server for processing. A load balancing device can be professional setting, which can also be application running on the server. Dedicated devices will have Ethernet interfaces, which is a kind of multilayer switch, so to speak. There are also routers with load balancing capabilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The load balancing dev ice generally allocates a virtual IP address, and all client requests met through Virtual IP address, which is forwarded to the actual IP address of the server through the load balancing algorithm. Using load balancing devices can improve scalability and reliability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"510\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/virtual-server.png\" alt=\"virtual server\" class=\"wp-image-5380\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/virtual-server.png 510w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/virtual-server-300x259.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 510px) 100vw, 510px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Virtual server<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Load balancing equipment is not only suitable for servers, but also for security devices such as firewall and proxy server.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Load Balancing Algorithm Types<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-145\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-145\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Algorithm name<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"> Round Robin<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">A distributed algorithm for load balancing in sequence. This algorithm is best used when the processing capacity of each server is the same and the processing capacity of each service is not different. For example, if there are three servers, the order is 1\u21922\u21923\u21921\u21922\u21923\u21921<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Least Connections<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">An algorithm that handles communication with the server with the fewest connections among multiple servers. Even if the processing capacity of each server is different, the processing capacity of each service is not the same, which can reduce the load of the server to a certain extent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Weighted Round Robin<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">An algorithm that attaches a certain weight to each server in the polling is suitable for the case that the processing power of the server is different. For example: server 1 additional weight 1, server 2 additional weight 2, server 3 additional weight 3, the order is 1\u21922\u21922\u21923\u21923\u2192 1\u21922\u21922\u21923\u21923\u21923\u21923\u21921<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Weighted Least Connections<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">An algorithm that assigns a weight to each server in the fewest connections algorithm, assigns each server the number of connections to handle in advance, and redirects client requests to the server with the fewest connections<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">IP address hashing<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">An algorithm that manages the hashes of source and destination IP addresses to combine and forward packets from the same sender (or packets destined for the same destination) to the same server. When the client has a series of services to be processed and must repeatedly communicate with a server, this algorithm can take the flow (session) as the unit to ensure that the communication from the same client can be processed directly in the same server<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u00a0URL hashing<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">An algorithm that forwards requests sent to the same URL to the same server by managing the hashing of client requests for URL information<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-145 from cache -->\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-ssl-acceleration\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_SSL_Acceleration\"><\/span>What is SSL Acceleration?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>SSL acceleration is a function of dedicated load balancing equipment, and the internal device that performs this function is called SSL accelerator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"291\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/SSL-Communication.png\" alt=\"SSL Communication\" class=\"wp-image-5384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/SSL-Communication.png 678w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/SSL-Communication-300x129.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>SSL Communication<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Encrypting and decrypting the transmitted data during SSL communication with the server requires fairly complex calculations, which further increases the processing load on the server CPU. Compared to HTTP traffic that does not perform encryption and decryption, the processing load of HTTPS is 10 times that of HTTP. At this time, by using an SSL accelerator to decrypt the client&#8217;s HTTPS request and convert it into an HTTP request before forwarding it to the actual server, the processing load on the server CPU can be reduced. In this way, the overall system can not only improve the server response speed, but also reduce the number of servers, and can forward more Web service content per unit time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-many-types-of-layer-3-switches-according-to-the-performance-classification\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Many_Types_of_Layer_3_Switches_according_to_the_Performance_Classification\"><\/span>How Many Types of Layer 3 Switches according to the Performance Classification?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the backplane capacity of the layer 3 switch, it can be divided into high-end switch, mid-range switch and low-end switch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>High-end Layer 3 Switches<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>The frame-type layer 3 switch is composed of routing engine, switching fabric, line card module, fan module and power supply module, and is generally used as the core switch of the enterprise in the data center.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"454\" height=\"265\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/High-end-Layer-3-switch.png\" alt=\"High-end Layer 3 switch\" class=\"wp-image-5385\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/High-end-Layer-3-switch.png 454w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/High-end-Layer-3-switch-300x175.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 454px) 100vw, 454px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>High-end Layer 3 Switches<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In order to improve the reliability of the switch, all modules except the line card module provide redundant structure. Power or fan modules are typically 1+N or N+N redundant, and routing engines are typically 1+1 redundant. Layer 3 Switches generally form a three-layer redundancy structure with stacking multiple devices to improve the availability of the entire system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Midrange Layer 3 Switches<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Midrange layer 3 switches are generally box -type switches or frame-type switches with a maximum number of slots of 4, which are used for aggregation switching of enterprise core switches and access switches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"468\" height=\"230\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Midrange-Layer-3-Switches.png\" alt=\"Midrange Layer 3 Switch\n\" class=\"wp-image-5386\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Midrange-Layer-3-Switches.png 468w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Midrange-Layer-3-Switches-300x147.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Midrange Layer 3 Switch<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Low-end Layer 3 Switches<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>The low-end Layer 3 switch is generally a box -type switch or a desktop switch, which is used as an access switch for an enterprise, usually with 24 ports or 48 ports. Some act as access points for IP phones or wireless LANs and can also use power over Ethernet (PoE) directly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"446\" height=\"175\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Low-End-Layer-3-Switch.png\" alt=\"Low-end layer 3 switch\" class=\"wp-image-5387\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Low-End-Layer-3-Switch.png 446w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Low-End-Layer-3-Switch-300x118.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 446px) 100vw, 446px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Low-end layer 3 switch<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-are-the-functions-of-layer-3-switches\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_Functions_of_Layer_3_Switches\"><\/span>What are the Functions of Layer 3 Switches?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Although the functions provided by each manufacturer&#8217;s layer 3 switch are different, these functions are roughly divided into several categories: authentication, management, routing protocol, QoS, IP tunneling, VLAN, STP, and so on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Functions of Layer 3 Switches<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-146\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-146\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">OSI reference model<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Classification<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Function<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Application layer<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Authentication, management<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">SNMP\u3001RMON\u3001syslog\u3001DHCP\u3001NetFlowFTP\u3001IEEE 802.1X etc.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Network layer, transport layer<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Routing protocol<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Static route, RIPv1\/v2, OSPF, BGPv4, IS-IS, multicast route selection, RIPng, OSPFv3, BGP4+, policy-based route selection, etc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">QoS<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">IEEE 802.1p\u3001LLQ\u3001WFQ\u3001RED\u3001Shaping\u3001Bandwidth control,etc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">\u00a0IP Tunnel<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">IPv4 over IPv6\u3001IPv6 over IPv4,etc.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">other<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Filtering, load balancing, and VRRP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">DLL(data link layer)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">VLAN<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Port VLAN, IEEE 802.1Q(tag VLAN), private VLAN, Uplink VLAN, etc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">STP<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">STP(IEEE 802.1D\u3001RSTP(IEEE802.1W)PVST+\u3001MSTP(802.1s)etc.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-146 from cache -->\n\n\n<p>In a layer 3 switch, the function of group management is performed by the CPU software directly. User direct communication is processed by the ASIC (hardware) to achieve high-speed forwarding of packets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"611\" height=\"542\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/functions-of-layer-3-switch-2.png\" alt=\"functions of layer 3 switch 2\" class=\"wp-image-5391\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/functions-of-layer-3-switch-2.png 611w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/functions-of-layer-3-switch-2-300x266.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 611px) 100vw, 611px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Functions of layer 3 switch <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-a-vlan\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_VLAN\"><\/span>What is a VLAN?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A broadcast domain consisting of one or more hubs can be called a flat network. Interconnected terminals receive all broadcast frames from the network. As the number of connected terminals increases, so does the number of broadcasts, and the network situation becomes more mixed. In this case, it is necessary to use <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/what-is-vlan-and-how-it-work.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">VLAN (Virtual Lan)<\/a> technology to logically segment the entire flat network. A VLAN corresponds to a broadcast domain, and the broadcast domains of different VLANs are isolated from each other, so the scale of broadcast traffic within the broadcast domain can be controlled.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"474\" height=\"781\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/VLAN-technology.png\" alt=\"VLAN technology\" class=\"wp-image-5394\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/VLAN-technology.png 474w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/VLAN-technology-182x300.png 182w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>VLAN technology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The switch can easily modify the properties of the physical port through setting, so that the physical port can be added to a VLAN without changing the corresponding physical line. Communication between VLANs requires routing, and it is not possible to communicate with the endpoints of different VLANs without the help of routers or layer 3 switches, so security is also guaranteed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-a-port-based-vlan\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_Port-based_VLAN\"><\/span>What is a Port-based VLAN?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Port-based VLAN is to set the VLAN ID on the port of the switch, and multiple ports with the same VLAN ID form a VLAN. In the initial state of the switch, the default VLAN ID of all ports = 1 (that is, VLAN 1), and the VLAN ID of any port can be set. For example, if you modify a port to VLAN ID = 2, then this port belongs to VLAN 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-a-tag-vlan\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_Tag_VLAN\"><\/span>What is a Tag VLAN?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When a VLAN needs to span multiple switches, trunk port and tag VLAN will be used. The tag VLAN completes the receiving and sending of data frames through the trunk port, and the data frame needs to add 4 bytes of IEEE 802.1 Q to define header information (that is, VLAN tag information). The process of labeling data frames is called tagging. When tagging is complete, the maximum length of the data frame changes from 1518 bytes to 1522 bytes, with 12 bits of VLAN ID information, that is, the maximum number of supported VLANs is 4096.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"602\" height=\"371\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Tag-VLAN.png\" alt=\"Tag VLAN\" class=\"wp-image-5395\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Tag-VLAN.png 602w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Tag-VLAN-300x185.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Tag VLAN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"801\" height=\"551\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untagged-Ethernet-data-frame.png\" alt=\"Untagged Ethernet Data Frame\" class=\"wp-image-5396\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untagged-Ethernet-data-frame.png 801w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untagged-Ethernet-data-frame-300x206.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untagged-Ethernet-data-frame-768x528.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 801px) 100vw, 801px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Untagged Ethernet Data Frame<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Ethernet, the value of TPID is 0x8100 in a data frame. If the value behind the source address is not 0x8100, then it is not TPID information, but identified as &#8221; length\/type&#8221;. When the value of Length\/Type is below 0x05DC, it indicates the length of the data frame; The value above 0x0600 indicates the type of data frame. The data frame type values: IPv4 is 0x0800, ARP is 0x0806, IPv6 is 0x86DD, and so on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A switch that does not support IEEE 802.1Q will treat 0x8100 as a data frame type because it does not recognize the TPID, but there is no data frame of 0x8100, and the switch will discard it as an error frame. IEEE 802.1Q also defines a field: TCI, which can be divided into 3 types: PCP, CFI and VID.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>3 Types of TCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-147\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-147\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Name<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">PCP(Priority Code Point)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Indicates the priority of data frames defined in IEEE 802.1Q, with the lowest level being 0 (0b000) and the highest level being 7 (0b111).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">CFI(Canonical Format Indicator)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">For standard MAC addresses, the value is 0, and for non-standard MAC addresses, the value is 1. On the Ethernet, the value is usually 0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">VID(VLAN ldentifier)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Indicates Id of the VLAN to which the data frame belongs. 0 (0x000) is used only to identify the priority in the PCP. 4095 is the reserved value. The available value ranges from 1 to 4094<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-147 from cache -->\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-a-native-vlan\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_Native_VLAN\"><\/span>What is a Native VLAN?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Native VLAN is for trunk ports. If the data frame is untagged before entering the trunk port, the trunk port will tag it with the native VLAN, and the data frame will be transmitted as the native VLAN. If the frame is tagged before entering the trunk, and the trunk port allows the VLAN ID to pass, the frame passes. VLAN data frames that are not allowed by the trunk port are abandoned. By default, the switch uses a VLAN with a VLAN ID of 1 as the native VLAN. Native VLANs are customizable and typically use a VLAN other than VLAN 1 as the native VLAN as the management VLAN.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-a-trunk-port\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_Trunk_Port\"><\/span>What is a Trunk Port?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When using tag VLAN to pass the VLAN ID to other switches, first set the trunk port. The trunk port can belong to multiple VLANs and communicate with other switches for sending and receiving frames of multiple VLANs. The link between the trunk ports of two switches is called a trunk link.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"681\" height=\"285\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/trunk-link.png\" alt=\"trunk link\" class=\"wp-image-5401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/trunk-link.png 681w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/trunk-link-300x126.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 681px) 100vw, 681px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Trunk link<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Access port and access link correspond to trunk port and trunk link. The access port belongs to only one VLAN, and the access link transmits only<br>one VLAN data frame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-a-private-vlan\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_Private_VLAN\"><\/span>What is a Private VLAN?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Private VLAN, also called PVLAN, refers to the function of constructing a layer of VLAN inside the VLAN, also called multi-layer VLAN.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"697\" height=\"372\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Private-VLAN.png\" alt=\"Private VLAN\" class=\"wp-image-5402\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Private-VLAN.png 697w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Private-VLAN-300x160.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 697px) 100vw, 697px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Private VLAN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PVLANs can further segment broadcast domains, reduce broadcast traffic within VLANs, and secure communications. Hotels, apartments and other places use this function to control the connection between the server or gateway and the terminal, so that different terminals cannot communicate with each other. PVLAN consists of primary VLAN and secondary VLAN, the secondary VLAN is associated with a primary VLAN.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-the-difference-between-static-and-dynamic-vlans\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_Difference_between_Static_and_Dynamic_VLANs\"><\/span>What is the Difference between Static and Dynamic VLANs?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>By inputting switch commands, a switch port is fixedly assigned to a certain VLAN. This VLAN division method is called Static VLAN. In contrast, the method of automatically assigning a certain VLAN according to the terminal or user information of connection port is called Dynamic VLAN.<br>Specifically, the switch determines which VLAN the port belongs to based on the MAC address of the endpoint or based on 802.1X authentication. In a dynamic VLAN, an endpoint acquires a fixed VLAN regardless of which switch it is connected to. MAC address -based authentication is possible through a database inside the switch, but in most cases dynamic VLANs are implemented using a RADIUS server.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"557\" height=\"642\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Dynamic-VLAN.png\" alt=\"Dynamic VLAN\n\" class=\"wp-image-5404\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Dynamic-VLAN.png 557w, https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Dynamic-VLAN-260x300.png 260w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 557px) 100vw, 557px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Dynamic VLAN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-do-vlans-interoperate\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_do_VLANs_Interoperate\"><\/span>How do VLANs Interoperate?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Layer 2 Switches<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After multiple VLANs are set on a layer 2 switch, data frames can only be forwarded within the same VLAN in a single switch and cannot be forwarded between different VLANs. When it is necessary to forward data between multiple VLANs, a trunk link is generally used to connect the router, through which routing is performed between VLANs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Layer 3 Switches<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Layer 3 switch can perform routing directly between VLANs inside the switch.<\/p>\n<style>\r\n\r\n        .lwrp.link-whisper-related-posts{\r\n            \r\n            margin-top: 40px;\nmargin-bottom: 30px;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-title{\r\n            \r\n            \r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-description{\r\n            \r\n            \r\n\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-container{\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container{\r\n            display: flex;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-double{\r\n            width: 48%;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-triple{\r\n            width: 32%;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container{\r\n            display: flex;\r\n            justify-content: space-between;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container .lwrp-list-item{\r\n            width: calc(100% - 20px);\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item:not(.lwrp-no-posts-message-item){\r\n            \r\n            list-style: decimal;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item img{\r\n            max-width: 100%;\r\n            height: auto;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item.lwrp-empty-list-item{\r\n            background: initial !important;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-link .lwrp-list-link-title-text,\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-no-posts-message{\r\n            \r\n                \r\n        }\r\n        @media screen and (max-width: 480px) {\r\n            .lwrp.link-whisper-related-posts{\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-title{\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-description{\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container{\r\n                flex-direction: column;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container ul.lwrp-list{\r\n                margin-top: 0px;\r\n                margin-bottom: 0px;\r\n                padding-top: 0px;\r\n                padding-bottom: 0px;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-double,\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-triple{\r\n                width: 100%;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container{\r\n                justify-content: initial;\r\n                flex-direction: column;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container .lwrp-list-item{\r\n                width: 100%;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-item:not(.lwrp-no-posts-message-item){\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-link .lwrp-list-link-title-text,\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-no-posts-message{\r\n                \r\n                    \r\n            }\r\n        }<\/style>\r\n<div id=\"link-whisper-related-posts-widget\" class=\"link-whisper-related-posts lwrp\">\r\n            <h3 class=\"lwrp-title\">Related Posts<\/h3>    \r\n        <div class=\"lwrp-list-container\">\r\n                                            <ul class=\"lwrp-list lwrp-list-single\">\r\n                    <li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/mellanox-infiniband-switches.htm\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Mellanox Infiniband Switches: The Ultimate Guide to High-Performance Networking<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/hbm-hbm2-hbm3.htm\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Technology comparison of HBM, HBM2, HBM3 and HBM3e<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/vxlan.htm\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Understanding VXLAN: Virtual Extensible LAN Explained<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/twinax-cable.htm\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">The Ultimate Guide to Twinaxial Cables: Everything You Need to Know About Twinax Cable<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/data-center-switches.htm\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Data Center Switches: Current Landscape and Future Trends<\/span><\/a><\/li>                <\/ul>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Layer 3 switch, very powerful, is an upgraded product of layer 2 switch. It has all the functions of the switch, and some of the functions of the router. It is a device to achieve high-speed data forwarding in the local area network. Next, let&#8217;s take a closer look at the next layer 3 switch. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":227,"featured_media":5406,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","_wpscppro_dont_share_socialmedia":false,"_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"","_twitter_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type":"","_pinterest_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type_page":"","_instagram_share_type":"","_medium_share_type":"","_threads_share_type":"","_google_business_share_type":"","_selected_social_profile":[],"_wpsp_enable_custom_social_template":false,"_wpsp_social_scheduling":{"enabled":false,"datetime":null,"platforms":[],"status":"template_only","dateOption":"today","timeOption":"now","customDays":"","customHours":"","customDate":"","customTime":"","schedulingType":"absolute"},"_wpsp_active_default_template":true},"categories":[2,29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5353","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-networking"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.13 (Yoast SEO v25.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Illustration of Layer 3 Switch | FiberMall<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Layer 3 switch is a network device with a routing selection function created on the basis of a Layer 2 switch.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/illustration-of-layer-3-switch.htm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Illustration of Layer 3 Switch\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Layer 3 switch, very powerful, is an upgraded product of layer 2 switch. It has all the functions of the switch, and some of the functions of the router.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/illustration-of-layer-3-switch.htm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"fibermall.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-31T06:06:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-09-01T02:04:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/High-end-Layer-3-switch-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"390\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Catherine\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Catherine\" \/>\n\t<meta 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