{"id":82,"date":"2021-03-15T08:36:11","date_gmt":"2021-03-15T08:36:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/?p=82"},"modified":"2023-04-27T06:22:42","modified_gmt":"2023-04-27T06:22:42","slug":"pci-e-8-things-you-need-to-know-about-early","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/pci-e-8-things-need-to-know.htm","title":{"rendered":"PCI-E: 8 Things You Need to Know Early"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/pci-e-8-things-need-to-know.htm\/#1_What_is_PCI_Express_and_What_does_it_Stand_for\" >1.\u00a0What is PCI Express, and What does it Stand for?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/pci-e-8-things-need-to-know.htm\/#i\" >\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/pci-e-8-things-need-to-know.htm\/#2_Current_Status_Future_Direction_of_PCI-E\" >2.\u00a0Current Status &amp; Future Direction of PCI-E<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/pci-e-8-things-need-to-know.htm\/#3_PCIe_vs_PCI_The_Evolution_and_Proliferation_of_PCIe_Gen\" >3.\u00a0PCIe vs PCI: The Evolution and Proliferation of PCIe\u00a0Gen<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/pci-e-8-things-need-to-know.htm\/#4_Common_PCIe_Slots\" >4. Common PCIe Slots<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/pci-e-8-things-need-to-know.htm\/#5_Advantages_of_PCI-E\" >5. Advantages of PCI-E<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/pci-e-8-things-need-to-know.htm\/#6_What_are_the_Standard_PCIe_Sizes\" >6\u00a0. What are the Standard PCIe Sizes?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/pci-e-8-things-need-to-know.htm\/#7_Different_Versions_for_PCI-E_Spec\" >7.\u00a0Different Versions for PCI-E Spec<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/pci-e-8-things-need-to-know.htm\/#%E2%97%8F_PCI_Express_10\" >\u25cf\u00a0PCI Express 1.0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/pci-e-8-things-need-to-know.htm\/#%E2%97%8F_PCI_Express_20\" >\u25cf\u00a0PCI Express 2.0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/pci-e-8-things-need-to-know.htm\/#%E2%97%8F_PCI_E_30\" >\u25cf\u00a0PCI E 3.0\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/pci-e-8-things-need-to-know.htm\/#%E2%97%8F_PCI-E_40\" >\u25cf\u00a0PCI-E 4.0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/pci-e-8-things-need-to-know.htm\/#%E2%97%8F_PCI-E_50\" >\u25cf\u00a0PCI-E 5.0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/pci-e-8-things-need-to-know.htm\/#8_Link_Speeds_and_Bandwidth_Capabilities_for_Common_PCIe_Slots\" >8.\u00a0Link Speeds and Bandwidth Capabilities for Common PCIe Slots<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/pci-e-8-things-need-to-know.htm\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/pci-e-8-things-need-to-know.htm\/#Related_Posts\" >Related Posts<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_What_is_PCI_Express_and_What_does_it_Stand_for\"><\/span><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">1.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b>What is PCI Express, and What does it Stand for?<\/b><\/span><b><\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">According to the definition by Wikipedia, PCI Express (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express), officially abbreviated as PCIe or PCI-e, is a high-speed serial computer expansion bus standard, designed to replace the older PCI, PCI-X, and AGP bus standards. As one of the high-speed buses within computers, \u00a0PCI-E is not only a data channel but also a network motherboard interface. The latter is the long slot part on the control panel. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">PCIe is the most crucial bus in the server system because\u00a0signals are interconnected through PCIe, enabling the CPU to achieve communication with various external devices. If we compare each bit of data to a small car, and PCIe bus is like the two-way lanes. But the PCIe specification has its own speed limit, which indicates that if there are more lanes existing, the faster the speed will be, i.e. there will be more data traffic being transmitted.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Current_Status_Future_Direction_of_PCI-E\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">2.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b>Current Status &amp; Future Direction of PCI-E <\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">PCIe 6.0 Base Specification has released its Draft 0.5 version so far and PCIe 6.0 standard has completed the interpretation for the 0.5 version, which is expected to be launched officially in 2021. However, the PCIe 6.0 CEM Specification is still under deliberation by the PCI-SIG.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 50%;\" title=\"PCIe 3.0 x16 used in differetnt device interfaces\" src=\"\/\/www.fibermall.com\/editor\/img\/1615776031_31967.jpg\" alt=\"PCIe 3.0 x16 used in differetnt device interfaces\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;\">\u2206\u00a0The Blue Lane Highlights the PCIe Bus<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">Meanwhile, PCIe 4.0 Ice Lake Xeon-SP CPU supported by Intel is about to release at the end of this year and the AMD EPYC CPU supporting PCIe 4.0 as well as numerous ARM CPUs is gradually on sale. As a result, PCIe 4.0 will become the mainstream on the market in 2021, prompting cable manufacturers and suppliers to think about where PCI-E cables go.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_PCIe_vs_PCI_The_Evolution_and_Proliferation_of_PCIe_Gen\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">3.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b>PCIe vs PCI: <\/b><b>The Evolution and Proliferation of PCIe<\/b><b>\u00a0Gen<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">The PCI was born in 1992 with its PCI bus bandwidth of 133MB\/S then. After that, intel raised the bus status bit to 64 at the request of transmission in the server area. Thus, 2 new PCI buses were created which were 64bit\/33Mhz and 64bit\/66Mhz in clock speed with a data transfer speed of 266Mbps and 533Mbps respectively.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">In the field of graphics cards, Intel individually developed AGP(Accelerated Graphics Port) and released &#8220;AGP specification 1.0&#8221; in 1997 with a 32-bit bus operating at 66 MHz and a bandwidth of 266Mbps. The subsequent Specification AGP 2.0 documented 1.5 V signaling, which could be used at 2\u00d7 and 4\u00d7 and the fasted speed of 4x could reach 1Gbps. \u00a0Technically speaking, AGP is not a real bus standard for it can only connect one device, i.e. graphics card.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">As for the application in servers, a few manufacturers and suppliers including IBM,\u00a0HP, and\u00a0Compaq jointly develop the PCI-X standards and got the approval in 1998. Specification 64bit 133Mhz specified that the PCI supports a maximum of 1 GB\/s bandwidth in each direction. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">Specification PCI-X 2.0 and PCI-X 3.0 have updated the clock speed from 266Mhz, through 533Mhz to even 1GMhz. But by then, there were also some problems for PCI-X. On the one hand, the parallel signal crosstalk appeared due to the clock speed increase, on the other hand, there was resource contention caused by the shared bus. In short, although the specifications are updated, the actual effect may not be able to meet these indicators.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 589px; height: 396.393px;\" src=\"\/\/www.fibermall.com\/editor\/img\/1615776509_38817.jpg\" \/><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;\">\u2206\u00a0PCIe Network Interface Card<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">Thereupon, Intel officially announced its third-gen I\/O technology to replace the PCI bus at the Intel Spring IDF Conference in 2001. This standard was developed by the AWG(Arapahoe Working Group) supported by Intel and was named as 3rd Generation I\/O, also 3GIO. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">Obviously, Intel indicated that it stands for the next-gen I\/O interface specification and was not called PCI-Express until it was submitted to the PCI-SIG(PCI Special Interest Group) and got approval.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Common_PCIe_Slots\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14pt;\"><b>4. Common PCIe Slots<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">According to the specifications provided by PCI-SIG, there are 7 versions of PCI-E slots x1, x2, x4, x8, x12, x16, and x32, corresponding to 1\/2\/4\/8\/12\/16\/32 channels, of which PCI -E x32 is only used on some special occasions due to volume problems, and the corresponding mass production products are almost zero; PCI-E x12 is mainly applied in the servers; while PCI-E x2 is mainly used for internal interfaces rather than expansion slots, even if some motherboards provide this interface, its PCI -E x2 also basically appears in the form of M.2 interface, rather than the form of PCI-E slot.\u00a0<span style=\"color: #424242;\">Physical PCI Express links may contain from 1 to 16 lanes, more precisely<\/span><span style=\"color: #424242;\">\u00a0&#8220;PCIe x8&#8221; connections have eight data lanes<\/span><span style=\"color: #424242;\">.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"><span style=\"color: #424242;\">\u00a0<\/span>Therefore, the current mainstream PCI-E slots on motherboards are basically concentrated in four PCI-E x1\/x4\/x8\/x16.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Advantages_of_PCI-E\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14pt;\"><b>5. <\/b><b>Advantages of PCI-E<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">PCI-e would replace the PCI and AGP overall and reach a united status of high-speed serial computer expansion bus standard. One of its advantageous features is the ability to transfer a big data rate, which can currently reach more than 10GB\/s, and it is expected to develop to a new transmission speed level. Also, there is a variety of specifications for PCI Express from PCI Express 1X to PCI Express 16X, which can meet the needs of low-speed devices and high-speed devices that will appear in a certain period of time in the future.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u00a0<\/span><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 679px;\" title=\"PCIe x1, x4, x8, x16 Slots in PCI Express Network Interface Card\" src=\"\/\/www.fibermall.com\/editor\/img\/1615776574_19238.jpg\" alt=\"PCIe x1, x4, x8, x16 Slots in PCI Express Network Interface Card\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p\" style=\"margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: center; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.4pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">\u2206<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.4pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">\u00a0Overview of Common PCIe x1, x4, x8, x16 Slots<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p\" style=\"margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: center; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"><i><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.4pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><\/span><i><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p\" style=\"margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.4pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">PCI Express (hereinafter referred to as PCI-E) devices communicate via a logical connection called an interconnect<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.4pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.4pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">or link. A link is a point-to-point communication channel between two PCI Express ports<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.4pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">. Compared with the shared parallel bus architecture of PCI and earlier computer buses, each PCI-E device has its own dedicated connection and does not need to request bandwidth from the entire bus.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p\" style=\"margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p\" style=\"margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.4pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">In addition, it can increase the data transfer rate to a very high frequency, and achieve a high bandwidth that a PCI device cannot reach. By contract with the traditional PCI bus that can only achieve single-direction signal transmission over a single time period, the dual-simplex connection of PCI-E can provide a higher transmission rate and quality. The difference between them is similar to half-duplex and full-duplex.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_What_are_the_Standard_PCIe_Sizes\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14pt;\"><b>6<\/b>\u00a0<b>. What are the Standard PCIe Sizes?<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">The PCI-E interface varies according to the bus bit width, including X1, X4, X8, and X16, and the X2 mode will be used for the internal interface instead of the slot mode. The PCI-E specification ranges from 1 channel connection to 32 channel connection, which has very strong scalability to meet the different system devices&#8217; requirements for data transmission bandwidth. Besides, the shorter PCI-E card can be inserted into the longer PCI-E slot in an application, and the PCI-E interface can also support hot-pluggable, which is considered a milestone in the industry.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">The PCI Express standard defines link widths of \u00d71\uff08250MB\/s\uff09, \u00d72, \u00d74, \u00d78, \u00d712, \u00d716 and \u00d732. But according to the current status of PCI-E, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/sale-424811-intel-i210-f1-single-port-gigabit-sfp-pci-express-x1-ethernet-network-interface-card-pcie-v2-1.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">PCI-E x1<\/span><\/a> and PCI-E x 16 are two mainstream specifications. At the same time, many chipset manufacturers have added PCI-E X1 to the list of the South Bridge chip, and \u00a0PCI-E X16 to the North Bridge chip. Apart from its high data transfer rate, each physical footprint of PCI-E connectors can achieve more bandwidth than the conventional I\/O specification since PCI-E transfers data through serial port data packets. Thus, this can reduce production cost and minimize the size of PCI-E devices. In addition, PCI-E also supports advanced power management, hot swapping, data synchronous transmission, and bandwidth optimization for priority data transmission.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Different_Versions_for_PCI-E_Spec\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">7.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b>Different Versions for PCI-E Spec<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"margin-left: 21.0000pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: -21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%97%8F_PCI_Express_10\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">\u25cf\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b>PCI Express 1.0<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">In 2003, PCI-SIG introduced PCIe 1.0a, with a per-lane data rate of 250 MB\/s and a transfer rate of 2.5 Giga transfers per second (GT\/s). Since each byte is 10 bits (1 start bit, 8 data bits, and 1 end bit), the transmission rate is 2.5G\/10=250MB\/S (250 megabytes per second). By this, it can be calculated that the unidirectional transmission rate of PCI-E 16X is 250MB\/S*16=4GB\/S, and the bidirectional transmission rate is 8GB\/S.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"margin-left: 21.0000pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: -21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%97%8F_PCI_Express_20\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">\u25cf\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b>PCI Express 2.0<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">PCI-SIG announced the availability of the PCI Express Base 2.0 specification on 15 January 2007. PCI-E 1X (2.0 standard) specified a single-direction 5G baud rate for transmission. Since each byte is 10 bits (1 start bit, 8 data bits, and 1 end bit), the unidirectional transmission rate is 5G\/10=500MB\/S (500 megabytes per second). Through this, it can be concluded that the unidirectional transmission rate of PCI-E 16X (2.0 standard) is 500MB\/S*16=8GB\/S, the bidirectional transmission rate is 16GB\/S, and the ship speed rate of PCI-E 32X (2.0 standard) is 32GB\/S.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"margin-left: 21.0000pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: -21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%97%8F_PCI_E_30\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">\u25cf\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b>PCI E 3.0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">In August 2007, PCI-SIG announced that PCI Express 3.0 would carry a bit rate of 8 Giga transfers per second (GT\/s). PCI-E 1X (3.0 standard) uses a unidirectional 10G baud rate for transmission. Since each byte is 10 bits (1 start bit, 8 data bits, and 1 end bit), the unidirectional transmission rate is 10G\/10=1000MB\/S (1000 megabytes per second). Therefore, we can infer that the single-direction transmission rate of PCI-E X16 (3.0 standard) is 1000MB\/S*16=16GB\/S, and the bidirectional transmission rate is 32GB\/S, the bidirectional transmission rate of PCI-E X32 (3.0 standard) is up to 64GB\/S.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" style=\"width: 647px;\" title=\" Different PCIe Specs from PCI to PCIe 6.0: Data rate, Maximum Server Slot, bandwidth and PCIe slot type\" src=\"\/\/www.fibermall.com\/editor\/img\/1615776703_79464.png\" alt=\" Different PCIe Specs from PCI to PCIe 6.0\" width=\"647\" height=\"343\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;\">\u2206\u00a0Different PCIe Specs: From PCI to PCIe 6.0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"margin-left: 21.0000pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: -21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%97%8F_PCI-E_40\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">\u25cf\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b>PCI-E 4.0<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">PCI-SIG preliminarily announced PCI Express 4.0 On 29 November 2011, providing a 16 GT\/s bit rate that doubles the bandwidth provided by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/sale-426054-intel-x710-bm2-da2-dual-port-10-gigabit-sfp-pci-express-x8-ethernet-network-interface-card-pcie-v3-0.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">PCI Express 3.0<\/span><\/a>. Therefore, the rate of 16-channel bidirectional transmission can theoretically reach 512Gb\/s, that is, 64GB\/s. In addition, the PCI-E 4.0 standard will optimize storage devices with PCI-E interfaces, such as PCI-E hard disk drives(HDD) and PCI-E RAID cards, to capitalize on the low-latency advantages of the PCI-E bus.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">PCI E 4.0 specs also introduced OCuLink-2, an alternative to Thunderbolt promoted by Intel. PCI-E OCuLink is developed based on PCI-E 3.0 and will use copper cables as the connection medium, providing a minimum connection rate of 8Gb\/s (PCI-E 3.0 x1) and a maximum of 32Gb\/s (PCI-E 3.0 x4).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"margin-left: 21.0000pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: -21.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%97%8F_PCI-E_50\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">\u25cf\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b>PCI-E 5.0<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">As PCIe 5.0 increased the signal rate to 32GT\/s, the signal rate of the Ethernet device had reached 56Gbps, and it was transiting towards 112Gbps. In terms of data transfer rate, the measuring equipment nowadays can totally meet the measuring demand for PCIe 5.0 data signal. In fact, PCIe 5.0 signal is modulated by NRZ, while the 56Gbps Ethernet signal is by the PAM4 technique and the fundamental frequency.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"margin-left: 0.0000pt; mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-indent: 0.0000pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0.0000; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Link_Speeds_and_Bandwidth_Capabilities_for_Common_PCIe_Slots\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">8.\u00a0<\/span><!--[endif]--><b>Link Speeds and Bandwidth Capabilities for Common PCIe Slots<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">The following table shows the data transfer rate under various standards and different bit widths.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\">\n<table class=\"MsoTableGrid\" style=\"border: none;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2000pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-left-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-right: 1.0000pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt dotted windowtext; border-top: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; background: #4f81bd;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">PCI-E Spec<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 100.0500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt dotted windowtext; border-top: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; background: #4f81bd;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"133\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\">RAW<\/span><span style=\"font-family: \u5b8b\u4f53;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\">Bit-rate<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 70.3500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt dotted windowtext; border-top: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; background: #4f81bd;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"93\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">Link BW<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt dotted windowtext; border-top: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; background: #4f81bd;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">BW\/Lane<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-top: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; background: #4f81bd;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">Total BW x16<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2000pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-left-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-right: 1.0000pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt dotted windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; background: #e9edf4;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">PCIe 1. x<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 100.0500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt dotted windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; background: #e9edf4;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"133\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">2.5GT\/S<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 70.3500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt dotted windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; background: #e9edf4;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"93\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">2Gb\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt dotted windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; background: #e9edf4;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">250MB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; background: #e9edf4;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">8GB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; border-left: 1pt solid #4f81bd; border-right: 1pt dotted windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid #4f81bd; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">PCIe 2. x<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 100.05pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt dotted windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid #4f81bd; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"133\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">5.0GT\/S<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 70.35pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt dotted windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid #4f81bd; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"93\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">4Gb\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.25pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt dotted windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid #4f81bd; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">500MB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.25pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid #4f81bd; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid #4f81bd; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">16GB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2000pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-left-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-right: 1.0000pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt dotted windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; background: #e9edf4;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">PCIe 3. x<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 100.0500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt dotted windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; background: #e9edf4;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"133\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">8.0GT\/S<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 70.3500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt dotted windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; background: #e9edf4;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"93\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">8Gb\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt dotted windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; background: #e9edf4;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">~1GB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; background: #e9edf4;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">~32GB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; border-left: 1pt solid #4f81bd; border-right: 1pt dotted windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid #4f81bd; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">PCIe 4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 100.05pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt dotted windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid #4f81bd; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"133\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">16GT\/S<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 70.35pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt dotted windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid #4f81bd; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"93\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">16Gb\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.25pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt dotted windowtext; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid #4f81bd; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">~2GB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.25pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid #4f81bd; border-top: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid #4f81bd; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">~64GB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2000pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-left-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-right: 1.0000pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt dotted windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; background: #e9edf4;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">PCIe 5.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 100.0500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt dotted windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; background: #e9edf4;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"133\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">32GT\/S<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 70.3500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt dotted windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; background: #e9edf4;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"93\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">32Gb\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: 0.5000pt dotted windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; background: #e9edf4;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">~4GB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #4f81bd; background: #e9edf4;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">~128GB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"color: #313131; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">\u2206<\/span><span style=\"color: #313131; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #313131; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">PCI Express <\/span><span style=\"color: #313131; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">V<\/span><span style=\"color: #313131; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">ersions and <\/span><span style=\"color: #313131; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">B<\/span><span style=\"color: #313131; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">andwidths<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><i><span style=\"color: #313131; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">The figure below highlights the one-way bandwidth\/data transfer rate specified in various PCIe spec versions.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\">\n<table class=\"MsoTableGrid\" style=\"border: none;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2000pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-left-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 2.2500pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 2.2500pt solid #ffffff; background: #c0504d;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><b>Version<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2000pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 2.2500pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 2.2500pt solid #ffffff; background: #c0504d;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><b>x1<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2000pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 2.2500pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 2.2500pt solid #ffffff; background: #c0504d;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><b>x4<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 2.2500pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 2.2500pt solid #ffffff; background: #c0504d;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><b>x8<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 2.2500pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 2.2500pt solid #ffffff; background: #c0504d;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><b>x16<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2000pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-left-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 2.2500pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; background: #e8d0d0;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">PCIe 1.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2000pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 2.2500pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; background: #e8d0d0;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">250MB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2000pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 2.2500pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; background: #e8d0d0;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">1GB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 2.2500pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; background: #e8d0d0;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">2GB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 2.2500pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; background: #e8d0d0;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">4GB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2000pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-left-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; background: #f4e9e9;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">PCIe 2.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2000pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; background: #f4e9e9;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">500MB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2000pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; background: #f4e9e9;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">2GB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; background: #f4e9e9;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">4GB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; background: #f4e9e9;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">8GB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2000pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-left-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; background: #e8d0d0;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">PCIe 3.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2000pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; background: #e8d0d0;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">985MB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2000pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; background: #e8d0d0;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">3.94GB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; background: #e8d0d0;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">7.88GB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; background: #e8d0d0;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">15.8GB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2000pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-left-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; background: #f4e9e9;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">PCIe 4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2000pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; background: #f4e9e9;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">1.97GB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2000pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; background: #f4e9e9;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">7.88GB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; background: #f4e9e9;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">15.8GB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; background: #f4e9e9;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">31.5GB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2000pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-left-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; background: #e8d0d0;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">PCIe 5.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2000pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; background: #e8d0d0;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">3.94GB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2000pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; background: #e8d0d0;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">15.8GB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; background: #e8d0d0;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\">31.5GB\/s<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 85.2500pt; padding: 0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt; border-left: none; mso-border-left-alt: none; border-right: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-right-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-top: none; mso-border-top-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; border-bottom: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.0000pt solid #ffffff; background: #e8d0d0;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">65.0GB\/s<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p\" style=\"margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: center; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\" align=\"center\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">\u2206<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">\u00a0<\/span>Bandwidths of x1, x4, x8, x16\u00a0<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.4pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">\u00a0PCIe Slots<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"p\" style=\"margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: center; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><i><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.4pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p\" style=\"text-align: justify; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; padding: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"color: #191919; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">From the table and figure, it can be concluded that PCIe doubles its bandwidth every 3 years.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p\" style=\"text-align: center; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; padding: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" style=\"width: 706px;\" src=\"\/\/www.fibermall.com\/editor\/img\/1615777144_25584.jpg\" alt=\"Development and Prediction of PCIe Actual &amp; I\/O Bandwidth\u00a0\" width=\"706\" height=\"391\" \/><span style=\"color: #191919; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p\" style=\"text-align: center; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 54pt; padding: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"><span style=\"color: #313131; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">\u2206<\/span><span style=\"color: #313131; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #191919; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">Development and Prediction of PCIe Actual &amp; I\/O Bandwidth<\/span><span style=\"color: #191919; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><b>Conclusion <\/b><\/span><b><\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-para-margin-left: 0.0000gd; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">PCI Express operates in consumer, server, and industrial applications, as a motherboard-level interconnect (to link motherboard-mounted peripherals). PCIe evolved from PCI born in 1992 to the current PCIe 5.0. At present, the PCI-E slot has become the main expansion slot on the motherboard. In addition to the application in graphics cards, PCI-E slots can also be used in hardware such as independent sound cards, independent network cards, USB 3.0\/3.1 interface expansion cards, and SSDs.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<style>\r\n\r\n        .lwrp.link-whisper-related-posts{\r\n            \r\n            margin-top: 40px;\nmargin-bottom: 30px;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-title{\r\n            \r\n            \r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-description{\r\n            \r\n            \r\n\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-container{\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container{\r\n            display: flex;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-double{\r\n            width: 48%;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-triple{\r\n            width: 32%;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container{\r\n            display: flex;\r\n            justify-content: space-between;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container .lwrp-list-item{\r\n            width: calc(100% - 20px);\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item:not(.lwrp-no-posts-message-item){\r\n            \r\n            list-style: decimal;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item img{\r\n            max-width: 100%;\r\n            height: auto;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item.lwrp-empty-list-item{\r\n            background: initial !important;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-link .lwrp-list-link-title-text,\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-no-posts-message{\r\n            \r\n                \r\n        }\r\n        @media screen and (max-width: 480px) {\r\n            .lwrp.link-whisper-related-posts{\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-title{\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-description{\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container{\r\n                flex-direction: column;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container ul.lwrp-list{\r\n                margin-top: 0px;\r\n                margin-bottom: 0px;\r\n                padding-top: 0px;\r\n                padding-bottom: 0px;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-double,\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-triple{\r\n                width: 100%;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container{\r\n                justify-content: initial;\r\n                flex-direction: column;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container .lwrp-list-item{\r\n                width: 100%;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-item:not(.lwrp-no-posts-message-item){\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-link .lwrp-list-link-title-text,\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-no-posts-message{\r\n                \r\n                    \r\n            }\r\n        }<\/style>\r\n<div id=\"link-whisper-related-posts-widget\" class=\"link-whisper-related-posts lwrp\">\r\n            <h3 class=\"lwrp-title\">Related Posts<\/h3>    \r\n        <div class=\"lwrp-list-container\">\r\n                                            <ul class=\"lwrp-list lwrp-list-single\">\r\n                    <li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/what-are-the-differences-between-eml-and-dml-laser.htm\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">What are the Differences between EML and DML Laser?<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/25-g-switch.htm\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Ultimate Cheap Fanless 2.5GbE Unmanaged Switch for Gaming &amp; Ethernet<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/blog\/100g-sr-bd-optical-transceiver-module.htm\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">100GBASE-SR BD Optical Transceiver Module &#8211; Features and Applications<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/questions\/what-is-the-100g-srbd.htm\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">What is the 100G-SRBD (or \u201cBIDI\u201d) Transceiver?<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fibermall.com\/video\/sfp28-er-optical-transceiver-watch-this-before-using.htm\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">SFP28 ER optical transceiver: watch this before using<\/span><\/a><\/li>                <\/ul>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PCIe is the most crucial bus in the server system because signals are interconnected through PCIe, enabling the CPU to achieve communication with various external devices. If we compare each bit of data to a small car, and PCIe bus is like the two-way lanes. 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